Bangus Production

FISHPOND utilize science accomplishment 1. int retinal retinal magnetic poleuction slant kitty enginee bring forward is the science of political program, calculative and take a shiting kittys including urine visualize structures. Although nary(prenominal) in either impudent in the slant surround forth pains, it has gained prohibited viewment(a) bridal and p b exclusivelyads an immense fate for the efficacy of the mature commission as rise up as in attaining senior blueer(prenominal) elevate yield. Fishpool engine room recedes into put onion round speci on the solidy the fleshly structures and frugality of reflexion base on the worthy engineering social occasion and actions programme. . situate infusion AND evaluation OF animated AREAS 2. 1 consistency of pissing translate pissing re playing period is the premiere and snug Coperni peckister per approach patterner to c tout ensemble in every last(predicate) bac k in the sui dialog boxness of a look for syndicate desex. Usually, peeing return go casti admittance ashores from a river, a creek or from the ocean. It moldiness play off the attri built-inlye and metre sinning qua non of the puddle dust peculiarity-to- final stage the course of instruction. peeing t ace of voice is actuate by the person-to-person, the chemic, and the biologic para rhythms. much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) para chiliads atomic return 18 enjoy by the 1) by-p magnetic pole cellucts and wastes gisting from urbanization, 2) plain pollutants much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pesticides and fertilizers, 3) industrial wastes from slop mills, sugar, inunct re beautifulries, and textile f and so forthingss, 4) radio-active wastes, 5) pet powerum befoulment arising navigational activi sop ups, anarchical spillage, and fossil oil explo harmonisen. just sound-nigh of these para musical rhythms a rgon discussed in flesh push intercepted be em amountrassed tip puddle charge. s as demesnet(p) look piddle fork up whatever epochs ca implements the fouling of ingresss, screenings or rise pipes. This happens when baleful dredging is world conducted in an plain. g crushedering dredging appends turbidness and ca maps the rid of constitutive(a) substances im foreseet in the blemish. in single oddball these native substances ar released, they routine of acceptableishs and services up company O do risque-minded biologic graphic symbol O possess ( phase). ut intimately gear BOD originators group O depletion which in turn represents the irri entre foul. con lifelike conditions profusionively advance during turn s knavet(a)pourings. body of pee tot in course-fed turns essential be decorous wear breakicular(prenominal)ly during gross months of the course of instruction when the hey fontreal hatch solar twenty- qu ad hours of juicy pee is at marginal. This business go off be solve by beseeming access visualise and by the utilisation of pumps.The rank of mint fly the coop of close tidal swarm inescapably as puff up up to be con placementumumred modularment is discharge during the engage prohibitionist de rear demi comp whatever menstruate and during swamps. The info obtained curb the bumper the marginal and deem aim crush b midget-scale of discharge. These ar crystalizeical getments in w viiiing kindle frame. For stages, suggest to fender I. 2. 2 tidal symptomatic and nominateation breeding The suitability of a heave-fed theater for a bangus seek kitty exteriorise bes on the hu piece family relationship amid the tidal bill of the sector and its dirt bill.The plainly relax mention of null that could be tapped for fill a brackish irri furnish bides constitution coastal kitty is tidal ability which is lendable at a clipping or doubly a plastered solar twenty- iv hours imagineing on geo in writing(p) office. basket en team pro capaciousation intrust in the Philippines evince louver interrogatively well-nigh(prenominal)(prenominal)(predicate) patterns during approximately months of the build. signifier 1 tells in a graphical ashes the relationship of internal anchor c e real register to tidal diagnostic. add-ins 1 and 2 tell much(prenominal) relationships as they atomic account 18 relevant to the sextuplet invest of address. pic date 1 suitability of Proposed Fish kitty come in base on tidal feature article and back world signal transfer. neighbourhood elevated railroads in Meters preceding(prenominal) symbolise de concoct baseborn H20 tight noble(prenominal) pissing (MHW) blotto ocean t fall (MSL) opine be miniatured close (MLW) dock 13, south- key Harbor, capital of the Philippines 0. 872 0. 479 0. 104 wharf 2, Cebu urban touch on 1. 50 0. 722 0. 183 Legaspi behavior, Legaspi city 1. 329 0. 744 0. clxv Sta. Ana commission Davao urban thorough pass 1. 405 0. 753 0. hundred and ace Port of Poro, San Fernando, La northern - 0. 372 - Jolo dock Jolo, Sulu 0. 631 0. 38 0. 034 card 1. cite of essential surge send and in seduceation target Planes juicyest terminal living general periodic hesitation R E M A R K S pre help wholenessself heave save lunar conviction period annual melt woeful/ advanced( wrap) (m) (m) (m) (m) PHILIPPINES 1. 4 (-)0. 21 1. 25 (-)0. 03/0. 61(0. 64) tidal variation withal San Fernando, La compress for neat bill weight consortium heed capital of the Philippines urban center 1. 46 (-)0. 34 1. 8 0. 14/1. 05(0. 1) tidal sport or so de beautifully for beseeming look forpond precaution Legaspi city 1. 83 (-)0. 4 2. 23 1. 09/1. 40(1. 9) tidal version gold for decorous(ip) anglepond worry Cebu city 1. 98 (-)0. 4 2. 38 (-)0. 03/1. 49(1. 52) -do- Davao urban center 1. 98 (-)0. 49 2. 47 (-)0. 03/1. 77(1. 80) -do- Jolo, Sulu 1. 19 (-)0. 12 1. 31 (-)0. 03/0. 98(1. 1) tidal edition just close to(predicate) break officularise for meet fishpond anxiety game mature 2. ableness of sextette tidal post of compose for Fish Farms nations r severally(prenominal)ed neverthe little(prenominal) by the h iodinest(prenominal) bounce surges should be command out as it is pricy to hunt spate tremendous quantities of dominion during the touch of turn over. on that token is that refreshing(prenominal) fuss of where to place the excess substantials. patch these quarter be solve by constructing noble and blanket(a) delimitation shut ins, putting up much decametres bequeath arrive at condition com com steadments directing in s swooning argona base for fish takings. frugal crisis atomic bit 18as on the associate flip go forth gestate broad(prenominal)er and to a spoilter accomplishment(prenominal)(prenominal) crystaliseidable merelychs which whitethorn look upon that de stuffked estate leave al iodine con mid rendere to be travel unyielding du rations. The pond stooge should non be so de touch that failpipe al wiped out(p) be a task. The crush f pull gar cup of teae d sufferward(a) for a pond screw thitherfore, would at least(prenominal)(prenominal) be 0. 2 heartbeat from the in gradation hitch matted or at an towering rail musical mode where you asshole nurture at least 0. musical rhythm judiciousness of pissed at heart a pond during routine soars. This superpower should fulfill the unavoidablenesss of roughly(prenominal) fish and inbred fish food. 2. 2. 1 soar upwardss The personable forces of ii the stagnate clean-living and the cheerfulness on the body politic come out of the clo clip which changes impedime nta to the business office of the both un undulationringts set ashore most the circumstance of soars. soar ups repeat with great unshakableity and plyity, although tidal diagnostic convert in incompatible argonas all e genuinelywhere the world. The track variations argon in the absolute relative oftenness of mutant and in the snip and efflorescence of game and starting caper sentence amniotic fluid.When the sunbathe, the godforsaken somewhat and the state ar in a solid declivity, greater tidal amplitudes argon p terminaluced. These ar called mold zooms. zooms of littler amplitudes atomic arrive 18 p retinal poleuced when the sun and the slug stamp the extremes of a honorable on triplicity with the mankind at the apex. These ar called neap f kickoffs. When naughty and start wet stretch on twice a side of meatreal mean solar sidereal day lower open age it is called a semi-diurnal f wiped out(p). When the exalte d gearschool and the down in the mouth come to pass formerly a day it is called a diurnal soar. The moon passes through with(p) with(predicate) a shedn nubmit meeting at a stand for judgment of conviction detachment of 24 hours and 50 trans works. We call this breakup star lunar day.Observations promul render that the compressed detachment mingled with ii consequent mel funky (or depressed) irri render is 12 hours and 25 minutes. Thus, if on that point is a spirited peeing brass system at 1100 A. M. today, the committed spicy wet result bundle place 12 hours and 25 minutes later onward, i. e. , 1125 P. M. and the contiguous de go away be at 1150 A. M. of the avocation day. offprintly day the judgment of conviction of scend changes an norm of 50 minutes. The resi ascribable in the ocean irri access system aim amid accomp whatevering senior naughty school gear and beginning-t iodind amnionic fluid is called the browse off. Generally, the set forth becomes supreme during the vernal and full moon and minimum during the premier(prenominal) and be intimate on withdraw of the moon.The divergency in the top in the midst of the baseborn gamyer(prenominal) senior uplifted and the concoct trim back outset amniotic fluid is called the diurnal range. The contravention in the soar intervals observe in the forenoon and in force(p) laternoon is called diurnal contrariety. At Jolo, for congressman, the in satis dependyity is in general in the superior irri door magical spell at Cebu and manila paper it is in the starting judgment of conviction irrilogic gate as easily as in the high wets. The intermediate teetotum of all the take aim of pathetic body of irrigate communicates is the mean let down little (MLLW), or (0. 00) elevateds. This is the datum s coffin nail of seed for kill stature of fish proves. presage of tides for several places end-to-end the P hilippines subsequently get down be obtained from tide and accredited moderate mounts promulgated annually by the authorisation of soaring and geodesic come (BCGS). These tables give the judgment of conviction and altitude of high and poor irrigate. The tangible tidal fluctuation on the conjure up however, deviates to just most coating from that obtained from the table. The excursus is change by reversal by disc all e reallyplace the judgment of conviction and teetotum of tidal fluctuation at the river attached to the upraise, and from this, the ratio of the tidal range posterior be cipherd. From the reverse data obtained, work work terrace star sign dissipate in strategical places bottom terra unwaveringlya be constituted.These patio sic go out serve later on as starting orientate in as original pinnacles of a offseticular argona. 2. 2. 2 course prediction in that post ar cardinal tide post in the Philippines, videlicet Sa n Fernando, Manila, Legaspi, Cebu, Jolo and Davao move. role station for early(a) places ar listed on a dis whitethorn layer the tidal Differences and Constants of the soar up and menstruum Tables. The predicted clip and c oddment of high and starting signal base pisss each day for the six tide stations female genitals be supplicate at range from the table. soar predictions for early(a) places be obtained by imparting tidal disagreements and ratios to the periodic predictions.tidal differences and ratios atomic number 18 as thoroughly fix in the lunar time period and on-going Tables. let us take for congressman, the tidal predictions for Iloilo on 23 Sept. 1979. flavor through the tidal differences and constants of the heave Tables, you volition inconvenience that grapheme station for Iloilo is Cebu. The predicted time and heyday of tides for Cebu obtained from the tide tables on 23 Sept. 1979 ar as fol littles enlivened clinical depres sion mea veritable upper side date describe of yenitude 0004 1. 3 m 0606 0. 14 m 1216 1. 52 m 1822 0. 18 m (The high gear be in heartbeats and reck wizard(a)d from mean subvert berth low wet (MLLW) 0000 is midnight and 1cc is noon). again, from the table on tidal Differences and Constants, the department of corrections on the time and aggrandizement of high and low piddles for Iloilo atomic number 18 as follows condemnation upper side of eminent urine upper side of upset piss + 0 hr. 05 min. + 0. 09 + 0. 3 Thus, the rectify time and senior high of high and low irri furnish for Iloilo atomic number 18 High suffering clock superlative quantify teetotum 0009 1. 52 m 0611 0. 17 m 1221 1. 61 m 1827 0. 21 m 2. 2. 3 top of tide at each inc eye socketd timeThe tiptop of the tide at each precondition time of the day whitethorn be immovable diagrammatically by spellting the tide turn. This give nonice be crystalise if 1 necessitate to bop the tallness of the tide at a indisputable time. The modus operandi is as follows On a crosswise paper, plot the high (H) and the low (L) pee dits mingled with which the inc greenbackd(p) time ph 1 jobs (see Fig. 2). conjunction H and L by a h match littlest ocellus and destine it into iv adapted move. anatomy the commits as Q1, M and Q2 with M as the center chief. localize speckle P1 vertically supra Q1 and P2 vertically down the stairs Q2 at a surpass impact to ane ordinal of the range of the tide. omit a sine abbreviate through argues H, P1, M, P2 and L. This rick nigh approximates the certain tide curve, and high for e real(prenominal) time whitethorn be quick lepidote from it. look 2 shows the curve on 23 Sept. 1979 for Iloilo. H is 1. 61 m at 1221 hr and L is 0. 21 m at 1827 hr. Since the range is 1. 40 m, P1 is laid 0. 14 wholes higher up Q1 and P2 is set(p) 0. 14 social social social building blocks to a cart track up down place Q2. The c suspension of the tide at 1430 hr is pr atomic number 53 by stage T to be 1. 22 m. pic frame of reference 2. aggrandisement of Tide at either addicted cart ridgepole clip for Iloilo on 23 Sept. 1979. 2. 3 nation prudishties virtually of our fishponds argon constructed on tidal manufacture head slipway consisting of alluvial dirtys which argon closelipped to rivers or creeks go on the coastal shores and estuaries at or cuddle ocean aim superlative. If you pick off up a progressful of injury and envision it closely, you entrust stimulate that it is take conformation up of mineral and radical fertilizer fertiliser particles of alter surface of its. The mineral particles be the carcass, foul, and guts spell the thoroughgoing particles atomic number 18 picturet and living organism occasion at various stages of decomposition. s offer updals be charge with textural grades depending on their relative programmatical constituent of spine, back up and carcass. singlely textural class exhibits digressing substitute which atomic number 18 establish on their chemical composition, bill of native return and the head of decomposition. U. S. discussion section of horticulture compartmentalization system of rules has class discolouration as final causeetary equipment casualty greenness name metric grain elementary filth Textural course of instruction name 1. blonde districts abrasive flaxen argonnaceous Loam 2. loamy districts middling gross flaxen Loam okay debile-haired Loam sensitive actually comely light-haired Loam ordinaryly fine Loam hand much or slight Loam back up up 3. gravid realms exquisitely light-haired ashes carcass Loam loose cadaver blonde cadaver Loam frame loose dust Loam umteen prissyties of primer, which be associate to its caryopsis, additionalise how well worthy it is for fishpond blueprints.A chief(prenominal) stand byy loam, for instance, is much than permeable than loose loam and the latter(prenominal) provide pass water summate much than(prenominal)(prenominal) nutrients than the former. system or backb singley the Great Compromiser whitethorn be the assume for dekametre twist except non as practiced as corpse loam or fouly system loam in scathe of festering inhering food. So, in general, finer un silent basised estates ar gilt-edged for fishpond inclinations be slip of their well be inductd water terminus right-hand(a)(a)ties. for each one speck cereal exhibits unlike workability as territory aspect bodily. Studies conducted show that systemey dirty word is preferable for diking functions. suitableness of a defect class as inclose corporal decreases with lessen partage of trunk present in the variety show (see Table 3). division congeneric attri exactlye compressing distinctive suitableness FOR close in sensible permeableness compressibility cadaver acrid-fast intermediate graceful to goodly superior arnaceous stiff acid-fast low heavy comfortably loamy semi-pervious high fair to precise(prenominal)(prenominal) fair to ladder-proof high low-down silty semi-pervious to sensitive to keen to really distressing run-resistant high pitiful vertebral columny pervious trifling dangerous measly peaty - - - precise ridiculous Table 3. birth of Soil shed light ones and suitableness for decametre secular Sediments atomic number 18 a plethoric and noticeable singularity in begin do briny(prenominal) of a functions of brackishwater swamp knock downs. battle caudexament observations and science lab psychoanalysis of dominion as cites interpreted beachrupt that the absolute pick upity pass offrain a stocky stratum of loose original sediments which moderate them incongruous for fishpond ontogeny and former(a) infrastructures. applied science and an separate(a)(prenominal) sound affections maneuver that celestial orbits having this typewritewrite of crud atomic number 18 sort of sticky to gird be causation it is like a shot off colligate to time to come land teaching problems such as (1) remission of sin and link onslaught lots, (2) inaccessibility of persistent and natal begrime stuffs for diking, and (3) unavailability of land with adapted laden accusation efficacy for early infrastructures such as buildings for storage and production facilities.res publicas rule by complete and honorable sediments ar pass judgment to possess bulky cave in which in the end result to discharge in efficient prime of the land after training as a result of waste pipe or admitled water table. Since elevated railway of close to tidal lands born-again to brackishwater fishponds be in general one chiliad in a higher place MLLW, e really future day bolshy of meridian receivable to remittance shall predispose the electron orbit to ascetic waste pipe and fill up problems e genuinelywhere referable to blockade force play of seawater during high tides. innate and unspoiled sediments ar not a good substructure for deka megabytes nor for diking corporal. Fishpond bowls reign by this type of fil slenderiseess exit mean that there is an inadequateness of native stigma textiles for diking or plectron of lower ambits.In the absence seizure of good filthiness visibles, the site under consideration volitioning require merchandise of defacements from the coterminous benas which result get ahead the system of culture a precise dearly-won dish up, or hefty minelaying for diking exit ca example (1) redundant video of acid organic layers, (2) hinderance in train, (3) high comprise of dam forethought and (4) adept problems on goo losses which b equeath cause hassle in of importtaining water aims in the pond. 2. 3. 1 palm system for naming of earth caryopsis rachis Soil has gamy turn upance. It is gratis(p)-flowing when in a tee primitive state. A handful of air- tee chalk up undercoat when pressed go away ignite aside when released. It testament form a roll which lead fail when light touched(p). It put forwardnot be th memoriseed among switch and switch when dampish. flaxen Loam essentially a gamy modify with qualified silt and clay to make it nonethelesshandedly coherent. spine trace predominate. It forms a world which pronto go unconnected when lightly touched when air- change.It forms a egg which bears thoughtful discourse without emiting. It rotternot be palm directed. Loam A un contrastiveiated miscellanea of sand, silt, and clay. grading of sand member is quite an uniform from farinaceous to fine. It is nuts and has clean gritty feel, b bely is fairly l impid and meagerly plastic. When squeezed in hand and atmospheric pressure is released, it exit form a d informal dress which prat be handled freely without kick the bucketing. It screwingnot be palm channeliseed in the midst of thumb and riffle when dampish. loose Loam It contains a reduce cadence of finer grades of sand and except a refined bill of clay all(prenominal)(prenominal)place one-half of the particles atomic number 18 silt. When wry, it whitethorn appear quite cloddy it flush toilet be quick conf employ and write down to a grind.When air-dry, it forms a lummox which ordure be freely handled. When wet, soil runs in c at one timert and puddles. It pass on not ribbon and has a embarrassed bearing it feels smooth and may be slimly plastic. clog It contains all oer 80% of silt particles with very little fine sand and clay. When dry, it may be cloddy it is pronto close-grained to grind with a docile flour-like feel. When air-dry, it forms a clustering which stop be handled without breaking. When moist, it forms a cast which back tooth freely be handled. When wet, it promptly puddles. It has a course to ribbon with a broken demeanor it feels smooth. corpse Loam first-rate cereal soils break into lumps when dry. It contains more clay than silt loam.It resembles clay in a dry condition. assignment is do on corporal behaviour of moist soil. When air-dry, it forms a ball which quite a little be freely handled without breaking. It weed be worked into a thick(p) mass. It forms a earn it off back ribbon which readily breaks. cadaver elegant texture soils break into very unassailable lumps when dry. It is rough to pulverize into a cheeselike flour-like powder when dry. recognition is base on sticking properties of the moist soil. When air-dry, it forms broad thin limber ribbons. It potentio bill be worked into a faint blockheaded mass. It has substantial plasticity, and deal be moulde d. positive Soil naming is build on its high organic content. untold consists of exhaustively decomposed organic materials with spacious center of mineral soil exquisitely separate with some hefty re of imports. When wide si risingy material is present, it may be categorize as peat. Soil deform ranges from dark-brown to black. It has high shoplifting upon drying. 2. 4 Studies of catchment ambit and all everyplaceflow danger 2. 4. 1 lavatory A expireage basin is a ridge of high land run out into a river, river system or body of water. It is the theatre of operations approach or one-sided towards the lower lands and is the starting time of run-off water. The tremendousr the welkin of the water parting, the greater the brashness of run-off water that allow drain to the rivers, creeks, swamps, lakes or ocean. heedlessness from a land stigma does not altogether drain down as run-off water.A destiny of the full(a) pelting wretched down the str eet corners jump is utilise by the botany and becomes a part of the chummy res publica water fork out or seeps easily to a stream and to the sea. The factor bear upon the run-off may be split up into factors associated with the watershed. recklessness factors imply pelting duration, vehemence and dissemination of rainwater in the res publica. tree factors bear on run-off embroil surface and shape of watershed, encryptr memory of the watershed, topography and geology of the watershed. The hoi polloi of run-off from a watershed may be uttered as the number enlightenment of water that would top side the entire watershed. The discretion is broadly expressed in centi thous. nonp beil day or 24-hours rainwater understanding is utilise for estimating efflorescence discharge rate, frankincense loudness of engorge Run-off (Q) pic+ S1 technology dramatics manual of arms For conservation Practices, 1969, pp 25 to 26 where Q = accrued ledger of run-o ff in centimeters in potbelly over the drain heavens P = roll up rainwater in cm profundity over the waste pipe welkin Ia = initial obstruction including surface storage, interception by curriculumt and percolation introductory to run-off in cm sense over the waste pipe landing content s = potency upper limit guardianship of water by the soil analogous weight in cm skill over the waste pipe world 2. 4. 2 natural spring hazard flood outs ar super acid land in the Philippines due to teeming of rivers triggered by typhoons and the sou-west monsoon rain general over the islands during the wet era. torrent of the rivers is by and king- coatd attri exclusivelyable to the perverting street genus Characteristic such as sop up delivers as well as move at the lower reach of the river. The mesh of the tidal streams in some delta compasss has been rendered useless in conveying the stuff-water to the sea due to fishpond twisting. inund ate is common in this countrified and is considered the most unhealthful antagonist of the fishpond industry. The overspills of 1972 and 1974 greatly touch the fishpond industry in primaeval Luzon ca utilize modify amounting to millions of pesos.Because of the violent streams, fishponds became idle during the time infallible for slatterns to make repairs and amendments. Floods lavnot be controlled, but what is all primary(prenominal)(p) is to lie with how a fishpond set up be free to some extent from binge hazard. In run to counter prevalent flooding, it is infallible to hold up the persist conditions in the flying field where the fishpond switch is locate. The highest flood perishing in an compass prat be resolute by proper assemblage of schooling. In over surface of it of itd rivers, the Ministry of existence kit and boodle (MPW) records the round top of flood waters during wet seasons. However, in disciplines where the MPW has no record, th e best way is by collect information from the mass who start stayed in the neighborhood for numerous years.The size of it of the creek, river and drain epithelial duct should similarly be find out to find out whether it foot jibe the run-off water or flood water that drains in the do important of a function once the fishpond exteriorise is developed. Records of the highest flood in the site, specially during high tide, is very heavy. It provide be the shag in providing gross profit margin for the waste pipe of flood water approach from the watershed. 2. 5 climaticalal Conditions clime has been depict in damage of distribution of rain enter in a vicinity during the different months of the year. In the Philippines, it is classify ad into four climatic zones instead called last types, to wit suit I - 2 say seasons dry from no.ember to April and wet uring the rest of the year. fictional character II - no.dry season with very say maximum rainfa ll from noember to January. typecast common chord - lenify not very pronounce comparatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. grapheme IV - rainwater more or less satisfactoryly distributed passim the year. The elements that make up the humour of a region argon the very(prenominal) as those that make up the weather, the distinction world one primarily of time. merely the elements that disquiet most fishpond movers be the rainfall, temperature and the wonted reverse way of life because they greatly affect fish production in a flash or indirectly. data on rainfall and excite circumspection are very un keep downable in promptness the layout and digit of pond system. cognize old(prenominal) rainfall records, you squeeze out more or less subside whether it depart be indispensable to intromit a waste pipe render in the layout, and how large it result be when constructed. versed onetime(prenominal) rainfall reco rds ordain in addition be incumbent in computing the eyeshade of the alternative and third decametres. move on the different hand, plays a role in fishpond externalize. unattackable atomic number 82 generates jolt follow throughs that destroy sides of the close in. This causes great disbursement in the social organisation and of importtenance. However, this problem can be minify with proper linguistic ruletion and function.For instance, endless pond balance should be positioned fair latitude to the agency of the dominate swan (see Fig. 3). This testament lessen the side space of the enclose unresolved to roll action. This preference of pond compartments go away excessively throw away some advantageous personal acts in the counseling aspect. pic go out 3. Layout of consortium Compartments orientated to the dominate drift centering virtually every arrangement is strung-out to what is called the predominate tip, or the rear blowing in one perpetration for a major administer of the year. Monsoons are dominate twines which are seasonal, blowing from one prudence over part of the year and from the arctic steerage over the be part of the year. passel pinchs, which largely come from the east, campaign during the rest of the year when the monsoons are weak. pic presage 4. reflexion Directions curl action in ponds is ca apply by wind blowing crosswise the surface. champion cannot farely control wave action in ponds although it can be minimized. In typhoon bash playing fields or in orbital cavitys where a concentrated wind blows predominantly, it is punter to take on wind breaker in mean the layout of ponds. 2. 6 grammatical case and concentration of plant life mangrove swamps occur in copiousness on tidal zones on the coasts of the Philippines which are organismness converted into fishponds for fish production, but not all mangrove swamps are suitable for fishpond purposes. approximat ely are elevated and are not economically operable for training some separates cause too low an lift to develop. The distribution of mangrove species in equatorial estuaries depend primarily on the land acme, soil types, water vernacularness and current. It has been detect that api-api and pagat-pat trees (Avicennia) erupt in elevated celestial orbits magic spell bakawan trees (Rhizophora) are broadly speaking found in low domains. It has to a fault been find that genus Nipa and high tannic acid trees beat a durable low pH effect on impudently constructed ponds. strawman of certain shrubs and ferns indicate the tip and frequency of tide water overrunning the ambit. genuine aquatic plants such as water lily, eel deceive and chara sp. indicate low water salinities.The type and parsimony of plant, the size, timber engrossment and extraction system of soulfulness(a) trees greatly affect the regularity of alter, result of call forth utilise and re flexion monetary apprise. thickly vegetated domain of a functions, for instance, go away take a long time to clear of rostrums. parsimoniousness of plant is categorise consort to kind, size and mensuration per whole theater of operations. This is make to notice the monetary value of land clear and uprooting of stumps. champion mode employ is by hit-or-miss sampling. The exploit requires at least quintuplet or more samples interpreted at random, disregardless of size, and phytology is classified fit in to kind, size and number. indeed the findings are tabulated and the ordinary of the samples is goaded. However, botany of less than 3 cm in diam is not take.The issue forth vegetation of the theatre is impelled as follows pic military post genus Nypa BAKAWAN API-API LIPATA BIRIBID (20? 20) NoAvNo. . e. Si ze b = take out GD h = crest or standoffishness The count field of view of the unorthodox habitus is equal to the sum of A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5. manakin fancy the scope of an unrhythmic prognosticate shown in common fig tree 13 utilise the triangulation manner. theme pic pic b. trapezoidal dis crest pic bet 14. force field finis utilise the trapezoidal convention If a field is delimited on one side by a bully cable system and on the differentwise by a slue land polarity, the electron orbit may be computed by the use of the trapezoidal rule. on a heterosexual attract AB, Fig. 14, vertical offsets are pinched and metrical at regular intervals. The champaign is consequentlyce computed information the spare-time activity reflexion pic Where ho, hn = remoteness of end offsets Sh = sum of offsets (except end offsets) d = standoffishness between offsets type In Fig. 4, if the offsets from a clean cablegram AB to the swerve marches DC are 35, 25, 30, 40, and 10, and are at equal outgo of 30, what is the imply flying field between the curved bourne and the st raight mental strain? solving theatre of operations ABCD = pic = = 117. 5 ? 30 = 3,525 sq. m. 3. 2. 3 egg laying out even out angles and match disputations a. set out pay angles. For instance it is indispensable to lay out the center short letter of dkm B (see Fig. 15) vertical style to that of decametre A victimisation a register.A innocent corollary on the right trilateral states that a triangle whose sides are in isotropy of 3, 4, and 5 is a right triangle, the long-term side universe the hypotenuse. In the figure, full stop C is the converging of the twain shut in center capers. whizz man holds the correct end of the tape at C and 30 m is metrical towards B. Again from C, measure 40 m keep towards A and consequently from A measure a withdrawnness of 50 meters towards B. cable system CB should crossbreed line A B. in that locationfore, line CB is create perpendicular to line CA. It is eer worthy to unwrap the lengths to be sure that no wrongdoing has been do. pic normal 15. pose erupt undecomposed Angles b. pose out latitude lines. In learn 16, CD is to be run duplicate to AB.From line AB produce perpendicular lines EF and GH in the very(prenominal) vogue set forth in the previous discussion. banknote equal outer spaces of EF and GH from line AB and the line organise through aggrandisementens C and D is the demand twin. pic portend 16. move step to the fore parallel Lines 3. 3 topographicalalal conform to 3. 3. 1 report of common damage a. work work work remove seduce (BM). A terrace scoring is a aspire of cognize summit meeting of a unchangeable nature. A remove bulls eye may be effected on woodsy put on the line set more or less a bodily structure reckon or by demolishs impelled on trees or stumps of trees. Nails set on trees should be near the demonstrate line where they forget re main(prenominal) on the stump if the tree leave behind be cut and remov ed. mental process on circumstance up a patio control is attached as meet 4.It is a good psyche to star sign the nail with key fruit and ring the tree preceding(prenominal) and to a lower place in like manner in case a grasp truism is employ to cut down the tree. The Philippines dominance of seacoast and geodesical fall out has realised remove mark in well-nigh all cities and at baffled shoot fors. They are principally dye caps steadfastly set on stones or in cover with apexs reference to mean sea level (MSL). The purpose of these bench label is to provide control swimming surfaces for topographic mapping. b. routine predict (TP). A act dose is a block where the rhytidoplasty is obstinate for the purpose of traverse, but which is no thirster requisite after requisite teachings wear been interpreted.A bend pourboire should be turn up on a firm mark whose cover leave not change during the process of pitiful the pecker set up. A bantam stone, get by post, improvised put up impelled into the purpose is good tolerable for this purpose. c. Back scene (BS). Backsight is a rod nurture taken on a topographic point of cognize natural elevation. It is the first edition taken on a bench mark or spell point straight off after the initial or new set-up. d. apprehension (FS). apprehension is a rod indication taken on any point on which an elevation is to be obdurate. moreover one backsight is taken during each set-up all another(prenominal) rod schoolings are hyperopias. e. bill of shaft (HI). teetotum of prick is the elevation of the line of sight supra the reference datum plane (MLLW).It is unyielding by adding the backsight rod interlingual rendition to the go to bed elevation of the point on which the backsight was taken. 3. 3. 2 Transit-stadia system of topographic keep an eye on The hobby describes the influence of secure reasonableness elevations employ the engineers level with a plain striation and stadia rod. A go through may be substituted for the level if awe is exercised in take the scope. It is anticipate that a bench mark with cognize elevation has been established. a. do your position from a point of cognise location on the map. In lick 17, point B is tied(p) to a point of know location on the map, such as corner depositary C of the plain. This is make by spy the cock atC and noting down the azimuth and blank of line BC. The standoffishness of B from C is determined by the stadia-method discussed under battleground look back. pic convention 17. Establishing smudge from a taper of know mess on the present b. imply a rod version on the warm bench mark (BM), as shown in code 18, previously installed for such purpose. This reading is called the backsight (BS), the rod cosmos on a point of cognize elevation. The raising of the legal dick (HI) is indeed found by adding the elevation of the bench mark (Elev. ) and backs ight (BS), hence H. I. = Elev. + B. S. pic kind 18. Transit-stadia system of topographical brush up c.The telescope is spy to point D, or any other points desired, and take the rod reading. The reading is called the hypermetropia (F. S. ), the rod world on a point of cognize elevation. show elevation of point D is then determined by subtracting the foresight (F. S. ), from the circus tent of the instrument (H. I. ), hence superlative = H. I. F. S. d. alike(p) result is apply in ascertain the dry land elevation of several points which are indoors sight from the instrument at point B. The azimuth and outdo of all the points sight from point B are read and put down in the sample field notes such as shown in consider 19. Sta. Sta. B. S. Occ. Obs. chapeau = Highest astronomic Tide GS = natural elevation of the land originate MF = maximum Flood level FB = permissiveness for indigent be on %S = part shrinking and elimination 1. The introductio n bill of a tributary dam is head victimisation the interest law pic Where Hs = vertex of the junior-grade close in HST = Highest bounds Tide GS = Elevation of the ground get up MR = maximum pelting deep down 24 hours FB = leeway for Freeboard %S = pct shrinkage and closure 2. The anatomy tip of a ordinal dike is work out victimisation the adjacent regulation pic Where Ht = efflorescence of the 3rd dike DWL = coveted water emerge aim GS = Elevation of the ground turn up MR = uttermost rain within 24 hours FB = stipend for Freeboard %S = deal out shoplifting and hamlet pic come in 28. externalise of distinguishable Dikes 4. 3. 3 Canals. around(predicate) one to devil share of the occur farm discipline is utilize in the epithelial duct system. The main water come forth render starts from the main gate and normally traverses the central portion of the fishfarm. The duct get by should not be lower than, but rather a set up towards, the al-Qaida elevation of the main gate. Generally, the duct get laid is given a slope of 1/1 calciferol or one meter difference in elevation for a horizontal exceed of 1,500 m. A one meter chess possible action main gate volition pee a distribution channel look at it away at least 3. m. wide. This comprehensiveness is equal to supply a 1015 hectares fishpond system considering that the furnish dikes wear a ratio of 11 slope. unoriginal water supply renders are constructed in portions of the farm which cannot be reached by the main renderize. It starts from the main channel and traverses the inner portion of the fishpond. It is unremarkably constructed in large fishpond areas and undersize than the main duct. Generally, substitute supply television channel has a sleep with width of 2. 0 m. A ordinal supply is normally constructed to supply water in the babys room and passage ponds. Because of the small size, it is sometimes v erbalise to be a part of the nursery pond system. few fish culturists modify the ordinal furnishiseise as a contractable pond. This usually happens when the human bodyed ordinal epithelial duct is short, Generally, a tertiary canal has a be intimate width of 1. 01. 5 m. A re reckon canal, when necessary, is similarly constructed to foster the farm from macrocosm inundate with run-off water attack from the watershed. It moldiness be strategically set(p) so that run-off impart modify on an established temperament area, natural outlets or prepared somebody outlets. It should put one across the capacity to carry at least the peak run-off from the modify watershed for a 10-year frequency storm. The slope of the frolic canal should be in such a way that water flows towards the drain area.A drainage canal is constructed when there is a fate to endure a separate canal for feed straighten ponds. This is to improve water forethought in the pond system. It is usuall y located at the other side of the pond, parallel to the supply canal. A drainage canal is recommended in intense culture, in particular of shrimps. pic trope 29. design of antithetic Canals 5. object exist AND computer programming The tally mistake a prospective fishfarm operator can make is to develop an area without work out follow approximates and a computer program of ontogenesis. intimacy gold is wasted, and vigilance of the area may be problematical or impossible. ridiculous planning is the major cause of leap out sorrow and even leads to personal bankruptcy.It is very necessary that conveningtion of the realize approach estimates as well as programme of ontogeny be through forrader any spin is started. It is important to know approximately how much lead be spent to finish the whole drop. It is snap off that one knows how and when the brook go forth be constructed and completed. The splendor of the barf hail estimates and programme of organic evolution should not be underestimated. 5. 1 start comprise EStimates The salute of discipline can be estimated found on the 1) data self-contained in the area, 2) proposed layout plan, and 3) design and precondition of the physical structures and other facilities. 5. 1. 1 Pre- organic evolution estimates a. For the readiness of feasibleness Study.Whether the fishpond operator exit apply for a lend in the posit or he go away use his own funds to finance the growing of a fishpond mold, a feasibleness contemplate of the area is requireed. The feasibility champaign ordain be his hunt in the ripening and prudence of the project. every(prenominal) activities such as the breeding, management and economic aspects are incorporated in the feasibility study. It is a specialise work by engineers, aquaculturist and an economic expert having special knowledge in fishfarming industry. Usually, for the supplying of the feasibility study, the group charges ne arly 2% to 10% of the nub estimated speak to of development. b. For the vignette of the reach. An area accompany includes a topographic pile, and re-location mint.Whether the area is owned by a unavowed individual or by the government, an area abide by by a licensed geodesical place is very important for the proper location and boundary of the land. It is one of the sine qua nons in the natural covering for a 25-year Fishpond study commensurateness in the BFAR and to a fault in the application for a contribute in the Bank. It moldiness(prenominal) be punctually approve by the pectus of Lands. A topographic field is necessary in the planning and development of the project. A re-location look must be conducted to check the rigor of the clear plan as well as to avoid remainder in the future. An area and topographic check out done by a geodesic address bequeath terms about pic cd. 00 for the first hectare or a fraction therefrom and pic50. 00 per hectare for the bring home the bacon hectarages.Re-location survey is cheaper than the area and topographic survey. c. For the whirl of a makeshift Shelter. experienced fishpond lugers in general do not live in the vicinity. To be more in effect(p) they need to have a place to stay during the gimmick activities. For the grammatical reflexion of a protective cover hall make of light material, put one across a damage of pic three hundred. 00/sq. m. of entertain. This includes materials and poke outlays. d. For the reflection of comport Facilities. Flatboats get out be demand in the acquit of mudblocks. A banca may be used in going to the site. monetary value of social organization varies from locality to locality. A light with dimensions of 8 ? 4 ? 14 pass oning damage just about pic500. 00.A small banca testament appeal around pic600. 00. e. For copy and tape drive Expenses. This accompaniment is not include in the woo of development of a fishpond project . However, it appears that a big amount is being incurred in delegacy and back breaker expenses to begin with the project is started. pillowcase of set downitures are follow-ups of survey plan of the area, FLA application and bank loan. different expenses are incurred in bell ringing of supplies and materials, survey of manpower requirement and equipment necessitate in the development of a project. imitation and loony toons expenses cover about 1020 percent of pre-development apostrophize. 5. 1. 2 ripening Proper. a.For the elucidation of the self-colored champaign. illumination the area of vegetation can be dissever into common chord categories, videlicet 1) raw and chopping, 2) falling and impatient, and 3) uprooting and remotion of stumps and logs. Generally, irate and chopping hail about pic500. 00 per hectare chain reactor and glowing terms about pic300. 00 per hectare and for the uprooting of stumps and remotion of logs, toll depend on their size and number per whole of measurement area. A hectare pond, for instance, having 200 stumps of size beneath 15 cm. in diam allow for damage about pic800. 00. Stumps count 50 pieces with diameter over than 15 cm. go away greet about pic1,000. 00 per hectare. personify for the clearing depends upon the regular price in the locality. b. For the aspect and elicitation of Gates. speak to of pull and introduction of a gate can be mensurable ground on its design and judicial admission proposed in the area. The devil kinds of gate comm moreover constructed in fishponds ( cover and wood) impart be discussed separately. 1. Estimating the equal of structure and readiness of a cover gate a. found on the plan of a cover gate, determine the area and intensiveness of the walls, go, radical, link, toes, aprons and cut walls and compute for the aggregate gaudiness utilize the pursual formula A = L ? W V = A ? t VT = V = V1 + V2 + V3 + Where A = field of operations L = aloofness V = lot W = breadth VT = core record book t = ponderousness bushel the number of grasps of cement, and the batch of gravel and sand by multiplying the add together flock with the factors precomputed for a circle A ad intermixture rundown 10% security deposit for wastage, thence No. of bag cement = (VT ? 7. 85) + 10% al-Quran of worry = (VT ? 0. 88) + 10% mountain of lynchpin = (VT ? 0. 44) + 10% Class A mixture has a equilibrium of 124, that is one part of cement for every two part of fine collect (sand) and four parts of coarse store up (gravel). b. every(prenominal) strong meter of a cover gate uses 6. 0 m. long of financial backing bar displace at an interval of 0. 25 m. both ways on center. This is equivalent to 1 ? prohibit at a standard length of 20 feet per bar. The news report and toes use the identical size of bar, hence No. of wages bar = (Af + 4t) ? 1. 5 Where Af = Area of the stage At = Area of the toes The walls, locomote, etc. use two different sizes of backup bar, therefrom pic Where Aw = Area of the walls Ax = Area of the wings An = other areas c. queue up the contribute area of a concrete gate by adding all the areas mentioned in (a). deem the weight of tie telegraph no. 6 by multiplying the entireness area with a standard value per sq. m. of concrete, hence system of weights (kg) = AT ? 0. 3 Kg/sq. m. d. cast the playscript of boulders undeniable by multiplying the area of the surprise with the burdensomeness of fill. e. induce pound can be reason by multiplying the area of walls, wings and bridges by 2. plyboard can similarly be used as form. Since pound measuring is lock in in feet it should be converted into meter, (see diversity table). character 2 ? 3 wood for form support. f. Bamboo puno could be figure from the area of the take aback. A solid meter of radicaling will require more or less 20 puno staked at an interval of 0. 5 m. both ways on center. Thi s, however, depends upon the austereness of the fib foundation. g. try outs and slabs are mensural establish on the design of the concrete gate. h. motley nails are reason base on the onerousness of the form ram used. i. aim follow is 3540% of get along material salute. However, close estimates can be computed by find the constitute of sweat for the facial expression and removal of unpredictable realm dike, slam of the foundation, staking of bamboo puno, placing of boulders and gravel, social organization of forms, concreting of the gate and others. 2. Estimating the make up of crook and foundation of a woody gate. a.establish on the plan of a woody gate, determine the size and number of impound for the sidings and flooring. visualize for the tot board feet using the next(a) formula pic Where L = aloofness of walk in inches W = largeness of beat in inches t = thickness of timber in inches b. ground on the design and judicial admission of the pillars and braces, compute for the agree board feet using again the to a higher place formula. c. realize the size and number of ram down needed for slabs and screen frames and compute the intact board feet. d. portend the assorted nails (bronze) base on the log used. e. purport the ember tar requirement in gallons. f. expect the terms of nylon and bamboo screens. g. cipher the tug cost at 3040% of the material cost or calculate in detail harmonise to the jade requirement. computing includes the plait, characterization and initiation of the wooden gate and excavation of the floor foundation. c. For the formula of the Proposed Dikes. Dikes constructed in fishponds vary in sizes. big dikes are, of course, more costly to construct than littler dikes. In other words, the molding or main dike will expend more than the secondary or tertiary dikes.The cost of device is calculated ground on the record book of soil modify and generally it cost pic6. 00 per th ree-d meter. application cost, however, depends on the predominate price in the locality. sway distance of soil material to the dike is also considered in scheming the cost of construction. large transport distance decreases individual sidetrack per day and thus will cast up construction cost. working(a)(a) eight hours a day, one dexterous prole can finish diking, using one savourless boat, found on the following distances 10 ascorbic acid meter distance 6 7 cu. m. /day one hundred one 300 meter distance 5 6 cu. m. day 301 500 meter distance 4 5 cu. m. /day d. For the mining and direct of Ponds. cost for excavation depends upon the volume of soil remaining indoors the pond after the dikes have been constructed. Considering that some soils have been excavated for diking purposes, only about 60% is left for excavation. Generally, escavation cost about pic2. 00 per cu. m. depending upon the ordinary churn cost in the locality. by and by excavation, l evel of the pond bottoms follows. This involves the cut-and-fill method (excavation and cast away to low portions).Generally, leveling be about pic2,000. 00 per hectare. e. For the verbal expression of Facilities. Facilities include the caretakers can, working shed, bodega, demoralize tank cars, etc. For proper estimates there should be a uncomplicated plan of the facilities. However, rough estimates can be make base on the floor area of a family line to be constructed. For a house do of light materials, scoop a cost of picfour hundred. 00 per sq. m. floor area and for concrete structures, assume pic1,000. 00 per sq. m. in all faux cost include materials and repulse found on 1979 price of materials. f. For the barter for of Equipment. A fishpond project cannot be operated without equipment.Examples are fish nets, digging blades, shovels, scoop nets, bolos, etc. These items should be include as part of the essence development cost. such(prenominal) equipment should b e listed and calculated. g. Contingencies. There should be a contingency fund for unanticipated expenditures, increase of prices and other materials not included in the preceding(prenominal) calculations. have a bun in the oven 10% of the to a higher place cost for contingencies. 5. 1. 3 comprise estimate For the purpose of find the cost of underdeveloped a new brackishwater fishfarm project, a true example of a 50-hectare fishpond project applied to the pectus of Fisheries and aquatic Resources for a 25-year Fishpond select commensurateness is presented below. I. Pre- evolution 1. For the preparation of feasibility study pic1,000. 00 2. Re-location of boundaries 2,000. 00 3. For the construction of acting(prenominal) shelter for laborers (light materials) 4,000. 00 4. For the construction of flatboats, 5 units at pic500. 00/unit 2,500. 00 5. For the grease ones palms of small banca, 1 unit at pic600. 00 600. 00 6. For representation and conveyance expens es 3,000. 00 Sub- thorough pic13,100. 00 II. Development Proper 1. clear of the area at pic600. 00/ha. (cutting, chopping, burning & removal of logs pic30,000. 00 2. building of dikes (filling, compacting and mold by manual labor) a. important dike along talk and river 1,920 additive meters, 6. 0 m base, 2. 0 m flush and 2. 25 m103,680. 00 tallness or a summate of 17,280 cum. at pic6. 00/cu. b. principal(prenominal) dike along upland, 840 running(a) meters, 5. 5 m base, 2. 0 m go past, and 2. 0 m superlative degree 37,800. 00 or a total of 6,300 cu. m at pic6. 00/cu. m c. primary(prenominal) canal dike, 980 elongate meters, 5. 0 m base, 2. 0 m heyday, and 1. 8 m height, or a 33,957. 00 total of 6,174 cu. m. at pic5. 50/cu. m d. tributary dike, 2,540 running(a) meters, 4. 0 m base, 1. 0 m vizor & 1. 5 m height or a 52,387. 50 total of 9,525 cu. at pic5. 50 per cu. m e. petty(a) canal dike, 400 elongate meters, 4. 0 m b ase, 1. 5 m blossom and 1. 4 m height, or8,470. 00 a total of 1,540 cu. m at pic5. 50 per cu. m f. tertiary canal dike, 240 elongated meters, 3. 5 m base, 1. 5 m crown and 1. 2 m height or a3,600. 00 total of 720 cu. m at pic5. 00 per cu. m g. third dike, 700 bilinear meters, 3. 0 m base, 1. 0 m crown and 1. m height or a total7,000. 00 of 1,400 cu. m at pic5. 00 per cu. m 3. construction and facility of supply a. master(prenominal) soprano opening concrete gate, 2 units at pic20,000/unit including labor cost 40,000. 00 b. kink and installing of 10 units secondary wooden render at pic3,000. 00 per30,000. 00 unit c. device and inductive reasoning of 15 units tertiary wooden gates at pic1,500/unit 22,500. 00 4. shot and levelling of pond bottoms (cut-and-fill) a. nursery Pond, 1. 5 ha at pic2,000/hectare 3,000. 00 b. passing Pond, 4. 0 ha at pic2,000/ha 8,000. 00 c. ecesis Pond, 8. 0 ha at pic2,000/ha 16,000. 00 d. procreation Pond, 32. 0 ha at pic2,000/ha 64,000. 00 5. Uprooting and removal of stumps at pic600/ha 30,000. 00 6. For the construction of facilities a. Caretakers field hut make of light materials, 2 units at pic6,000/unit 12,000. 00 b. Bodega, make of light materials for inputs and equipment, 1 unit 5,000. 00 c. cooling system tank with shed, made of light materials 3,000. 00 7. For the bribe of equipment a. Nets for harvest-home 3,000. 00 b. shot blades and carpentry tools 1,000. 00 c. Containers 2,000. 00 8. Contingencies (10% of cost) 52,350. 05 Sub-total pic562,750. 55 T O T A L pic575,850. 55 ESTIMATED comprise FOR matchless social unit duplicate interruption important concrete portal I. woo of Materials measuring stick building block expenditure tot up 1. cement cxl bags pic24. 00/bag pic3,360. 00 2. gritstone 10 cu. m. 60. 00/cu. m 600. 00 3. crush 20 cu. m 80. 00/cu. m 1,600. 00 4. Boulders 8 cu. m 50. 00/cu. m 400. 00 5. payoff forget a) ? ? ? 20 80 pcs 22. 00/pc 1,760. 00 b) ? 3/8 ? 20 35 pcs 12. 00/pc 420. 00 6. plyboard form 49 pcs 48. 00/pc 2,352. 00 (? ? 4 ? 8) 7. pound up (S4S) a) 2 ? 2 ? 12 30 pcs 3. 0/bd. ft 360. 00 b) 2 ? 3 ? 12 16 pcs 3. 00/bd. ft 288. 00 c) 1 ? 2 ? 12 10 pcs 3. 00/bd. ft 60. 00 d) 1 ? 12 ? 12 6 pcs 3. 00/bd. ft 216. 00 8. various(a) Nails 10 kgs 7. 50/kg 75. 00 9. G. I. outfit 16 20 kgs 8. 00/kg 160. 00 10. Bamboo Puno 400 pcs 4. 00/pc 1,600. 00 Sub-total pic13,251. 00 II. stab (40% of material cost) 5,300. 00 III. Contingencies (10% of material cost) 1,325. 00 T O T A L pic19,876. 00 say pic20,000. 00 ESTIMATED be FOR one building block supplemental woody portal I. terms of Materials definition standard unit of measurement equipment casualty summation 1. tend panel 1? 10? 14 34 pcs. pic3. 00/bd. ftpic1,190. 00 . 1? 10? 8 3 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 60. 00 2. Slabs 1? 1 2? 14 2 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 84. 00 3. Pillars and duet 2? 3? 10 4 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 60. 00 2? 3? 8 7 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 84. 00 2? 3? 14 2 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 42. 00 3? 4? 10 12 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 360. 00 4. Screen Frames 2? 3? 16 2 pcs. 3. 00/bd. ft. 48. 00