Language Theories free essay sample

Looks at thoughts of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Lacan Sigmund Freud identified with semantic, mental semiotic understandings of the individual culture. The motivation behind this exploration is to look at the hypotheses of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Lacan, and Sigmund Freud as they identify with etymological, mental, and semiotic translations of the individual and of the way of life all in all. The arrangement of the exploration will be to presented a rundown of Saussures hypothesis of semiotics and the diagrams of Freudian mental hypothesis, and afterward to talk about the association between crafted by Lacan and Freud with respect to investigation of human subjectivity, just as the association between Lacans work to semantic hypothesis as a rule and Saussurian semiotics specifically. As indicated by Saussure, language has a double capacity. One is open, or a legitimate and social, while the other is private, inventive, or mental. It is in the second way that innovative and inventive procedures may surface, including the

Ecology Essay Example For Students

Biology Essay Biology In the first Greek oikos implies, house. So nature is the investigation of the house where you live, or the earth which actually incorporates every one of those elements, both nonliving and living, that influence a living being. Nature at that point is the investigation of the cooperations of living beings in their condition incorporates both the living (biotic) and physical (abiotic) elements of the earth. Its additionally the science, which plans and tests speculations about condition. Biology is the connections, distinguishing proof and investigation of issues regular to all zones. Biology considers the populace and the network, assesses cause and impacts of the reactions of populaces and networks to natural change. Populaces The populace is characterized as an array of people of a solitary animal categories that live in a similar spot simultaneously. Likewise, researcher include an extra condition: the people in a populace must interface with one another to the point of h aving the option to interbreed. Populace is critical to understanding numerous significant biological and transformative marvels. Biologists can utilize data from populace nature to foresee the achievement of a given animal categories or gathering of species. One quality of populaces that is seen in nature is their scattering, or the manner by which people are circulated in a given zone. Ordinarily, scholars allude to three kinds of scattering: Clustered (totaled), Regular (equally separated), Random (unpredictably divided) Populations demonstrating a bunched design are basic in nature and are found among a wide range of sorts of creatures. Grouped scattering designs are frequently because of condition heterogeneity. Normal scattering designs are generally uncommon in nature and happen when an asset is rare. A genuine case of standard dividing happens in creatures that display territoriality, a marvel wherein creatures set up a territory for themselves and ward off all other individ ual looking to attack that region. Ordinary scattering examples can likewise be seen in plants. Arbitrary examples can be found in an assortment of living beings (trout in lake or maple trees in a timberland). Despite which creatures, the quantity of births quite often can possibly be more prominent than the quantity of passings. As it were populaces of all species have the ability to develop. That property is essential significance to the accomplishment everything being equal. Be that as it may, all species won't increment under all situation, yet rather they can, given proper conditions. There are two models of populace development: the exponential model and the calculated model. One of the most essential models of populace science is the exponential development condition, which is: )N/)t = rmaxN This condition expresses that, in a developing populace, the pace of progress in populace size is controlled by the maximal natural pace of increment (rmax) duplicated by the quantity of people in that populace (N). On the off chance that a populace development rapidly we called that an exponential increment and its development bend has a J-chaped called J-chaped bend. A populace can't keep on developing uncertainly on the grounds that this condition contains extra term called the conveying limit (K) which isn't fixed, however conveying limit is continually influenced by numerous components, both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living). The calculated populace development predicts that populaces will develop quickly from the outset. Be that as it may, as the quantity of people in the populace (N) moves toward the conveying limit (K), the populace development rate in the end eases back to zero, and the populace balance out at K. The outcome is a sigmoidal or S-molded bend which is frequently separated into three stages: the first is known as the slack stage (the time of moderate development that happens when populace numbers are low). The second is the log stage, wh ich happens when development rate quickens and turns out to be moderately fast. The third is the immersion stage, during which populace development decelerates as N approaches K. All species have an all around characterized life history that includes a start of life, an adolescent and regenerative stage and passing. There are two significant parameters of a populace: survivorship (to what extent one live) and fertility (what number of posterity one leaves). Survivorship is the number despite everything living toward the start of each age interim. The quantity of passings decides the demise rate during a given timeframe partitioned by the number despite everything living toward the start of the timespan. Networks A people group is an array of populaces that associate with each other and the impacts that they have on one another regularly enormously impact their capacity to endure and repeat. Since they are arrays of various species, networks have properties that make them novel from singular creatures and populaces. A few networks essentially mix step by step into others and thus are called open remarks, woods networks are that way, as various vegetable sorts mix together. On the other hand, shut networks have progressively positive outskirts; scarcely any life forms go starting with one network then onto the next. In these sorts of networks, less creatures move in and out, so they are progressively detached as far as vitality and supplements. Notwithstanding the way that networks can once in a while be hard to characterize, environmentalists have had the option to distinguish a great deal of traits by which networks can be depicted and broke down. These incorporate Species arrangement which is the most principal property of a network. Its just a rundown of types of which the network is included. Networks fluctuate hugely in their creation. Recurrence is a proportion of how regularly we discover an animal groups in a network. Dispersion, or how species are orch estrated in a network Diversity is a proportion of the variety in a network, has two segments. The first is lavishness, which is the quantity of species in the network. The subsequent part is called equity, which is how much the various species are spoken to in a network. Dependability is the idea of the capacity of a network to deal with unsettling influence or to oppose being upset. It additionally can allude to flexibility of a network (that is, its capacity to recuperate rapidly from an unsettling influence. Certain people group can be called delicate which is utilized to allude to networks that have low dependability when confronted with human unsettling influence. Rivalry includes a battle for restricted asset. Exploitative rivalry is the utilization of similar assets wherein one contender has more noteworthy access than the other to the assets is. Obstruction rivalry is real battling about assets. Intraspecific rivalry is between individuals from similar species and interspec ific rivalry is between various species. The opposition prohibition guideline is that no two species can involve a similar specialty simultaneously. Since the specialty of a life form (the manner by which it communicates with its condition) is regularly reliant on how it admissions in rivalry with its neighbors, both sort of rivalry is significant in the structure of the network. BIOMES Biome is characterized as huge, unmistakable and conspicuous relationship of life. All the more definitely, a biome is a specific cluster of plants and creatures inside a geographic zone realized by unmistakable climatic conditions. Their plant relationship than those of creatures, not just normally recognize biomes more in light of the fact that the first is unquestionably progressively self-evident, yet additionally in light of the fact that it decides the second. Biologists perceive around twelve significant biomes, every one structures under a specific winning atmosphere and has a trademark sort of plant and creature life. A few instances of biomes incorporate prairie, deserts, and deciduous timberlands. Biomes might be partitioned into networks. End For this paper, I read a great deal of books and did a ton of research on Internet. I took in a ton about biology, populace, networks and biomes. Its difficult to expound regarding this matter in just five pages. My first draft was comprised of eight pages so I cut a great deal of subtleties. Be that as it may, I sit back to do this paper and vitality and I truly appreciated it. I trust it will be the equivalent for you Bibliography: .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .postImageUrl , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:hover , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:visited , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:active { border:0!important; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:active , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0;

Did you know about this

Did you know about this First some backstory. Its 2008, a leap year and a presidential election year. Its business as usual for most seasoned Americans but, for me, a citizen only as of last summer, Im pretty especially excited to be voting for the first time. In 2004, Id worked as an election official, on that day which began 4 more years of the Bush presidency, and I remember opening up the backs of the machines and counting up the votes at the end of the night, by flashlight, for some reason, after the stragglers have also all had their shot, and knowing in my head who I would have voted for. As you can imagine presidential elections generate a lot of buzz on campus. All over student groups and living groups are hosting presidential debate bingos and register to vote parties. Well, Ive been getting a little distracted as of late. Thursday night, I read the news for hours and never finished my 8.07 problem set which was harder than I anticipated. Tonight, pretty much the same story, but with no deadlines to shaft. I have something to show for it this time, though, I found something pretty awesome. First of all, Im against the electoral college system. I feel it does more harm than good. Back when it was instated, it did a whole lot of good. It helped make national interest possible when all there was was state interest. It did a big part in helping to unite the country, or even allow people to think on a more national level. This obviously isnt the case any more, not for our generation, the drivers license is really all that tells us apart nowadays. Consider this a trial in true democracy. You know, the kind that we go around the world waving our hands about? The fact is, youd think swing states like Ohio and Florida had 75% of the American population from how much time candidates spend in them addressing their concerns. The fact is, small states are overrepresented in the electoral college system at this point in time. Wyoming has the largest electoral votes to population ratio of any state. Ever wonder how much your vote is weighted in the general election? Well, simply reference this here table, the last column, the ratio between electoral votes and population normalized to Wyoming. [1] STATE ELECTORAL VOTES VOTES votes per elector (VPE) Your vote counts as WY 3.00 147,947.00 49,315.67 1.00 VT 3.00 149,022.00 49,674.00 0.99 HI 4.00 205,286.00 51,321.50 0.96 AK 3.00 167,398.00 55,799.33 0.88 NM 5.00 286,783.00 57,356.60 0.86 ND 3.00 174,852.00 58,284.00 0.85 DE 3.00 180,068.00 60,022.67 0.82 RI 4.00 249,508 62,377.00 0.79 SD 3.00 190,700.00 63,566.67 0.78 MI 18.00 1,168,266.00 64,903.67 0.76 WV 5.00 336,473.00 67,294.60 0.73 NH 4.00 273,559.00 68,389.75 0.72 NV 4.00 301,575.00 75,393.75 0.65 AR 6.00 472,940.00 78,823.33 0.63 ME 4.00 319,951.00 79,987.75 0.62 MT 3.00 240,178.00 80,059.33 0.62 ID 4.00 336,937.00 84,234.25 0.59 NE 5.00 433,850.00 86,770.00 0.57 DC 2.00 171,923.00 85,961.50 0.57 IO 7.00 638,517.00 91,216.71 0.54 OK 8.00 744,337.00 93,042.13 0.53 TN 11.00 1,061,949.00 96,540.82 0.51 AZ 8.00 781,652.00 97,706.50 0.50 SC 8.00 786,892.00 98,361.50 0.50 UT 5.00 515,096.00 103,019.20 0.48 LA 9.00 927,871.00 103,096.78 0.48 KA 6.00 622,332.00 103,722.00 0.48 IN 12.00 1,245,836.00 103,819.67 0.48 CT 8.00 816,659.00 102,082.38 0.48 OR 7.00 720,342.00 102,906.00 0.48 AL 9.00 941,173.00 104,574.78 0.47 MO 11.00 1,189,924.00 108,174.91 0.46 PA 23.00 2,485,967.00 108,085.52 0.46 CA 54.00 5,861,203.00 108,540.80 0.45 VA 13.00 1,437,490.00 110,576.15 0.45 KT 8.00 872,520.00 109,065.00 0.45 GA 13.00 1,419,720.00 109,209.23 0.45 CO 8.00 883,748.00 110,468.50 0.45 OH 21.00 2,350,363.00 111,922.05 0.44 WI 11.00 1,242,987.00 112,998.82 0.44 WA 11.00 1,247,652.00 113,422.91 0.43 MD 10.00 1,143,888.00 114,388.80 0.43 FL 25.00 2,912,790.00 116,511.60 0.42 NC 14.00 1,631,163.00 116,511.64 0.42 TX 32.00 3,799,639.00 118,738.72 0.42 MN 10.00 1,168,266.00 116,826.60 0.42 IL 22.00 2,589,026.00 117,683.00 0.42 NY 33.00 3,924,215.00 118,915.61 0.41 NJ 15.00 1,788,850.00 119,256.67 0.41 MA 12.00 1,616,487.00 134,707.25 0.37 Bush 271 50,456,002 AVG VPE BUSH: 186,184.51 Gore 266 50,999,897 AVG VPE GORE: 191,728.94 And this really ought to concern you. If youre an MIT student voting in Massachusetts, your vote is worth the least in the whole country. No wonder people opt for absentee ballots at home. Ill be voting in Connecticut this year. Now heres what I found, that I never before knew existed: National Popular Vote Interstate Compact Its pretty underground, huh? This really shocks me. Considering 70% of Americans support a Popular Vote system, probably a lot less than that know that bills have already been introduced in about half the states proposing a de-facto conversion to this system by an Interstate Compact. Hawaii, New Jersey, Maryland, and Illinois have already passed it into law. The bill assigns the electoral votes of that state to the winner of the national popular vote. Those 4 states have a total of 50 electoral votes, 19% of the 270 they need to effectively overturn the electoral college system. Of course, the agreement will not be enacted in those 4 states until the 270 electoral votes have been reached. Dear old Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed the bill in California. But it has passed both house and senate and may be on its way to overriding his veto. Dont believe it? Well, thats why theres Wikipedia. Also, heres a really cheesy video on Youtube supporting the movement, but theyre dears for trying: Anyhow, there are legitimate concerns against having a popular vote system and then there are racist and bigoted ones. I found this list of Unacknowledged Perils of such a system. Regardless of where you stand, you should read through it to get a sense. I think the best argument of the bunch is the creation of a presidential free-market so to speak, but that may be corrected with a bit of regulation. Im not saying itll be easy or convenient, the switch-over, but thats an awful reason not to try.

Forming the Imperative with Italian Verbs

The imperative  (limperativo)  is used to give orders, advice, and exhortation:  be good, stay home, lets go. The formation of the imperative in Italian follows a sort of back-to-front rule for the  tu  and  Lei  forms. In other words,  parlaregenerates  (tu) parla  and  (Lei) parli  - as if the indicative forms had swapped places - while  -ere  and  -ire  verbs behave in exactly the opposite way:  (tu) prendi, (Lei) prenda. Creating the Imperative in Italian To create perfect, oven-fresh imperatives, stick to the following rules: the  tu  and  voi  forms are identical to their corresponding present indicative forms, except for the  tu  form of  -are  verbs, which add  -a  to the root:  domandare  Ã‚  domandathe formal  Lei  and  Loro  forms  (though the second is hardly every used) take the corresponding forms of the present subjunctive (see table below)the  noi  form (translated by lets... in English) also mimics the present subjunctive form - but this is identical to the common or garden-variety present indicative (andiamo, vediamo,  etc.) Regular verbs therefore have the following imperative forms: cantare vendere aprire finire (tu) canta vendi apri finisci (Lei) canti venda apra finisca (noi) cantiamo vendiamo apriamo finiamo (voi) cantate vendete aprite finite (Loro) cantino vendano aprano finiscano Irregular verbs follow the same pattern, except for  essere  and  avere, which have rule-bending  tu  and  voi  forms: essere avere (tu) sii abbi (Lei) sia abbia (noi) siamo abbiamo (voi) siate abbiate (Loro) siano abbiano Note too that  dire  has an irregular, truncated  tu  form:  di. The same goes for  andare, dare, fare,  and  stare,  but with these four, a regular  tu  form is also possible:  va/vai, da/dai, fa/fai, sta/stai.

The Death Of Tea Cake - 987 Words

When the novel reaches its climax with the death of Tea Cake, Janie transforms into a fulfilled character who begins to live a life of acceptance. The death of Tea Cake closes the door on Janie’s third marriage, however, that marriage taught Janie more about herself than any other caregiver. As Tea Cake and Janie begin to spend more time with one and other, the townspeople of Eatonville grow anxious. During her marriage with Joe, Janie is subjugated to severe classism which separates her from the townsfolk. When Janie begins to act like a regular woman and not a noble, the town is surprised, as Pheoby mentions â€Å"Janie, everybody’s talkin’ ‘bout how dat Tea Cake is draggin’ you round tuh places you ain’t used tuh† (Hurston 112). With Tea Cake, Janie experiences more adventure and more life than with anyone else. Every day brings a new adventure for their relationship, for example: Tea Cake and Janie gone hunting. Tea Cake and Janie gone fishing. Tea Cake and Janie gone to Orlando to the movies. Tea Cake and Janie gone to a dance. Tea Cake making flowerbeds in Janie’s yard and seeding the garden for her†¦ Tea Cake in a borrowed car teaching Janie to drive (Hurston 110). Tea Cake truly loves Janie. He treats her like they are equals and does not see her as a slave or trophy like her passed husbands. Unlike Logan and Joe, Tea Cake does not need Janie for his own ulterior motives, as heâ€Å"[loves] Janie for herself, Tea Cake wants only to share his life and have the opportunity toShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Tea Cake819 Words   |  4 PagesTea Cake is Janie’s soulmate and the first person to truly understand her. Tea Cake cared for and loved Janie, teaching her things and showing her a love she had never experienced before. Their relationship was intimate and loving, which Janie lacked in her first two marriages. While Janie grows and finds herself throughout the story, Tea Cake effects her the most. After meeting Tea Cake, Janie experiences the most growth and finds herself truly happy, thanks to the love he shows her. Ever sinceRead MoreLove and Relationships Versus Independence: Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes were Watching God1407 Words   |  6 Pagestuh be uh big voice. You oughta be glad, ‘cause that makes uh big woman outa you.† (Hurston, pg.46) This was not true love at all, Janie realized that her husband Joe Starks barely knew her at all which bothered her. One day while Joe was on his death bed Janie gathered herself and decided to talk to him. She wanted to make him aware that out of the twenty years of them being married Joe had hardly knew her at all. She went into the room where Joe was lying until he passed and tried to talk toRead MoreLove and Friendship in Their Eyes Were Watching God and The Things They Carried1303 Words   |  6 Pagesand Jody don’t consider women to be thinking or feeling humans, and both of these men think they have the right to hurt a woman who they think is misbehaving. Tea cake, however, values Janie’s personality and company. He also feels the duty of being a husband- protect her from danger, etc. This makes it easy for Janie to fall for Tea cake and his qualities rather than Logan and Jody qualities. Tim’s situation though is much more different. He is forced to go to war and fight with people he has neverRead MoreSummary Of The Shacks854 Words   |  4 Pagestown are that Janie is trying to poison Jody, but a doctor in Orlando found that Jody’s kidneys are failing. -    On his death bed, Janie feels the need to have one last conversation with Jody†¦confronting him with his death, he asks to stop.   - She tells him all of the insecurities that he made her have throughout their relationship, Jody begs her to stop as he is confronting death.   - Jody dies and Janie mourns with confusion after looking at herself in the mirror, she pulls herself back togetherRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1229 Words   |  5 Pageswhat she really needs. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston illuminates Janie’s values and the text’s emphasis on self-actualization is demonstrated through Janie leaving stability with Logan to marry Joe, leaving luxury in Eatonville to be with Tea Cake, and finally leaving the Everglades along with her dependency on others to return to Eatonville. When Janie leaves Logan Killicks to elope with Joe Starks, she abandons her stable life for spontaneous and bold one. Janie decides to follow Joe becauseRead MoreSummary Of Her Third Marriage And Tea Cake Woods 873 Words   |  4 Pagesto Vergible â€Å"Tea Cake† Woods. This marriage was a choice and Janie was highly cautious before deciding to be with him. Similarly to Joe she did not know what to expect from being with Tea Cake. Janie went into this marriage having hopes of achieving true love and her idea of marriage. She hoped that she would be able to put her values first and that she did. â€Å"Tea Cake and Janie gone hunting. Tea Cake and Janie gone fishing. Tea Cake and Janie gone to Orlando to the movies. Tea Cake and Janie goneRead MoreJanie Is Black Woman With Partial White Ancestry1025 Words   |  5 Pageshe only wanted her to complete his dream life of being in power and having control over everyone. Right before Joe’s death, Janie stands up against him and speaks out about her feelings of repression. By doing that, Janie finds the inner voice inside her she has been long looking for. Eventually, Janie meets Tea Cake whom she discovers true love with. When Tea Cake dies a tragic death, Janie returns to Eatonville fulfilled and content with the life she has lived up to this point. Logan Killicks: LoganRead MoreEssay about Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God1004 Words   |  5 Pagesexploiting others just before he dies. Nine months after the death of Jody, without expecting a man to dazzle her into a relationship, Janie finds a young, nice-looking man who is fun to be with. Well, Ah love tuh find out whut you think after sun-up tomorrow. Dis is just you night thought. (Hurston: 105). After Tea Cake says this, Janie starts to realize that even though she doesnt admit it to herself at first that she loves Tea Cake, she is actually starting to fall in love with him. SheRead MoreMythology in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God1023 Words   |  5 PagesJanie finally met Tea Cake but in the end had to kill him. Both had finally found love but due to their unfortunate fates both were destined to lose them. Banat 2 Not only does Janie parallel Freda, her character can be seen to have been inspired by the myth of Aphrodite and Adonis. In the myth of Aphrodite and Adonis the two of them fall in love. But this relationship is cut short by Adonis getting attacked and castrated by a wild boar (Stine). Later, Adonis bled to death (Stine). After herRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching god, by Zora Neale Hurston1054 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney to finding unconditional, true love. Her journey begins with an arranged marriage to Logan Killicks, a physically unappealing man with a considerable house, to an elopement with Joe Starks, a power-hungry and egocentric leader, and ends with Tea Cake, the man that loves Janie, despite the consequences that come with marrying an older and wealthier woman. Janie’s story breathes with ambiguous figurative language, provoking imagery, and powerful diction. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale

Sample work Free Essays

A postal scale for products weighing up to 2 pounds. Because of the specific words used that sentence they would have to use a direct distribution method. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children’s toys: (1) radio controlled model airplanes costing $80 or more, (2) small rubber balls. Usually with children toys you are able to use an indirect distribute channel, because you can house all of the supplies for the distribution of those toys. The small rubber balls would be a prime example of this because you would need a facility to house these items for retail. But in the case of the radio controlled airplane hat is a specific item were there would be no need for storage of this item due to not knowing the quantities needed for sale. This would benefit to be a direct distribution method. C. Heavy-duty, rechargeable, battery-powered nut tightness for factory production lines. This would have be an item that would need a storage facility near that production plant; because until they are established and understanding of the demand of this product you would need to know if to stock up on this certain item or is it going to be a product that will sit shelved for a while. D. Fiberglass fabric used in making roofing shingles. Because fiberglass is a product that needs to be handled with care it could become damaged during the shipping and storing of the product even before it would reach the consumer. Since this valued product is need to make the final end product this would have to be a direct method of distribution for the fiberglass. Chapter 12 Question 6: In my community I see with the retailers is also seen across the nation, because the one problem that is developed in these retail stores is taught at all of them. They all use the same approach and utilize the same concept at every store whether it be on the east coast or the west coast. This method is good to cover all spectrums but what now people are doing is seeking out those online retailers to get the specifics for their areas since the retailers are not adapting their surroundings. I believe that if the retailers want to survive even the cyber wave that is going on now they need to adapt their policy, maybe even reach out their approach into the online markets move With the times and stop trying to fix a broken record. New retailers are developing every day and are becoming just as or more successful than the tradition stores because the online retailers saw the need coming and established the eating for them. Chapter 13 Question 2 The integrated marketing concept will ensure that all forms of communications and messages are carefully linked together; you would need to use all the promotional tools by integrating them all together and making sure they are working are their peak performance. With a good firm that is in their promotional blend there can be certain aspects of the marketing and the selling that can fall through the cracks. So with the consistent and complete use of the communications even during those promotional blends there isn’t any form of communications that is going unheard or countryside. All the forms of the sales and marketing efforts need to work at their peak performance also to make the thriving sales. Marketing Strategy The HAVE marketing strategy for the veterinary services is used within a 10 mile radius of Wellington. The campaigning objective is to get the information out there about their products and business. There biggest strategy for promotion is the lighted sign right outside their business. The HAVE will have giveaways of smaller items with the company logos on it (I. E. Magnets, business, leashes, bandannas and food bowls). They had even gone as far as appearing the annually parade held in December where everyone in the community was able to see their promotional campaign of the business. How to cite Sample work, Papers

Construction Law for FIDIC Red Book Contract- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Law for FIDIC Red Book Contract. Answer: The FIDIC red book contract governs the construction project for road works. I was employed under a contractor to work in the construction of the roads project. Despite the fact that the contractor had assembled resources, which includes men and equipments for the road construction work, the employer, did not grant possession of the site to the contractor. The Red Book entails contract that deals with civil engineering sector, which is distinct from the electrical/mechanical engineering sector[1]. The building contracts stipulate the obligations either of the employer that he owes to the contractor expressly or in an implied manner. The two most essential obligation of the employer with respect to any building contract entered into with the contractor are as follows: The employer is obligated to co-operate with the contractor that is, the employer must provide the contractor with a suitable position, which enables the employer to fulfill his/her obligations stipulated under the contract. The employer is obligated to make payments to the contractor for the works that have been carried out by the contractor with respect to the construction work. Even if the employer delegates his obligations to some other persons but she shall be held responsible for the performance of his stipulated obligations. In London Borough of Merton v Stanley Hugh Leach Ltd [1985][2], it was held that the employer must not engage in any conduct that would hinder the obligations of the employer under the contract. There are certain building contracts that expressly stipulates the obligation of the employer to give the contractor an access to the construction site with a view to carry out the construction work. According to clause 2.4 of the JCT SBC/Q 2016 on the date of possession of the site or possession of the relevant section of the site shall be given to the contractor who shall commence the construction of the work or the section of the site. The contractor thereafter shall proceed with the construction work diligently and regularly and is entitled to complete the construction work on or before the date of completion stipulated in the contract. According to clause 2.1 of the FIDIC suite 1999, the employer shall be entitled to provide the contractor with the right to possession of and access to all the parts of the site within the stipulated time[3]. The employer is entitled to give the contractor with the right to access and the possession of the site within such period that would enable the contractor to proceed with the construction work. As per sub-clause 20.1, in the event of any delay or if the contractor had to incur expenses owing to the failure of the employer to provide the contractor with the right to access or possession of the construction site, the contractor shall be entitled to serve notice to the Engineer and make claims in respect to the following grounds: an extension of time for causing such delay, in case the delay occurs in completing the construction under sub-clause 8.4; and payment for any such expenses incurred and any reasonable profit that shall be included within the Contract price However, the contractor shall not be liable to make any claims if the delay results from any conduct or omission on part of the contractor[4]. In our scenario, the employer caused delay in granting the possession of the construction site, which amounts to the breach of the primary obligation of the employer to cooperate with the contractor by giving the possession of the site[5]. Under such circumstances, the contractor was entitled to serve notice upon the employer for extension of time and for making payments made with respect to the contract under clause 2.1 of the FIDIC suite 1999. The reason for delaying the grant of possession of the site was on part of the employer and the contractor was not responsible for the same. Since the employer failed to grant us the possession of the construction site within the stipulated time, it would entitle us to claim for an additional time than the original time stipulated in the contract. The delay also resulted in the delay in the completion of construction of the sectional areas[6]. As per the JCT suite 2016, the employer is prohibited from re-entering into the construction site after granting the possession to the contractor. The employer may enter upon the construction site and take possession of the site as per clause 8.7 of JCT suite 2016 or when the contract is terminated owing to the fault on part of the contractor as per clause 8.4 of the JCT suite 2016. On the facts here, we were supposed to finish the construction of some of the sectional areas but due to some reasons that were beyond the control of the contractor. However, since we could not complete the construction of the sectional areas, the engineers imposed penalty in the subsequent interim payment, which was, nevertheless, reversed when we succeeded in claiming additional time. Nevertheless, in order to establish that the delay was not intentional, we had to prove that the contractor had acted diligently and have carried out the construction work based on good trade practices. Furthermore, we succeeded in establishing the fact that the delay caused was not deliberate as it was beyond the control of the contractor and he had taken reasonable measures to avoid any such delay[7]. In addition, the delay did not cause the employer to suffer any financial loss of any manner, which further signifies that the contractor had carried out the construction work applying good trade pract ices. To sum up the entire experience, the Contract Administrator opined that the employer had failed to perform his obligations by causing delay in granting the possession of the construction site, which has further cause delay in commencing the construction of the sectional areas of the construction site. Hence, under clause 8.4 and 20.1, the contractor was entitled to claim for extended time or money to complete the project and to the extent that completion for the purposes stipulated in sub-clause 10.1 of the FIDIC suite of 1999[8]. The contractor should serve such notice of claim within 28 days from the date he became aware of the circumstances that entitled to make such claim. As per the answer provided by my classmate, it is well structured and the provisions included in the assignment are relevant. My fellow classmate has successfully discussed the provisions relating to the rights, obligations of employer and contractor with respect to construction work. In the event of delay in granting the possession of the site, it may entitle the contractor to claim extension of time and monetary compensation for any expenses incurred by the contractor due to the delay of the employer in granting the site possession as per JCT suite 2016 and FIDIC 1999. Reference List Baker, E., Mellors, B., Chalmers, S., Lavers, A. (2013).FIDIC contracts: Law and practice. CRC Press. Brook, M. (2016).Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor Francis. Chappell, D. (2017).The JCT Minor Works Building Contracts 2016. John Wiley Sons. London Borough of Merton v Stanley Hugh Leach Ltd [1985] 32 B.L.R. 51 Powell, G. (2016).Construction Contract Preparation and Management: From Concept to Completion. Palgrave Macmillan. Sinclair, S. T. A. C. Y. (2016).designing+(dis) assembling disputes: an ethnography of disputes lawyers in the construction industry(Doctoral dissertation, University of Westminster). Wang, J. D. (2015, September). The Duality of the Engineer as Contractor Administrator under FIDIC Contract Conditions. InAdvanced Material Engineering: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering(p. 379). World Scientific. Wilkens, V., Viljoen, P. (2014, April). Fidic red book 1999 equally responsive to all parties to the contract with regard to the claims and dispute resolution procedure. InProceedings in GV-Global Virtual Conference(No. 1).

Athens Georgia Music Scene

Athens Georgia Music Scene Free Online Research Papers When most people think of music coming from Athens, Georgia, they think of the B-52s and R.E.M. However, there is a new genre of music coming out of Athens called Athens Rock. Even though it is called a rock genre, it has a little bit of all the popular genres including country, hip-hop, blugrass, and rock. This genre has been newly created by these three particular artists that have not actually signed record labels yet, but are still very popular. These guys are Corey Smith, Brantley Gilbert, and Colt Ford. As Colt Ford would say, â€Å"These are just three country boys from Georgia trying to sing a little bit.† Corey Smith is the artist that puts the country flavor into Athens rock. This guy started out going to UGA to become a school teacher, and he took a job at a high school in Gwinett County. Then in 2004, he found his calling for music, and, like any other artist, started playing in the little bars of Athens. He quickly picked up some major popularity. According to Myspace.com, he is the most popular unsigned artist on their website. â€Å"If I Could Do It Again,† is a song he wrote about pretty much every high school senior’s Spring Break. Also, â€Å"Twenty-One† was a song he sang about being a 17-year old hanging out with all of these college kids who are all older than him. â€Å"I’m Not Gonna Cry† is another song he wrote about high school graduation, which became the new graduation anthem for many high school graduations across Georgia and the United States. The main reason I really like Corey Smith is because he writes songs that relate to you nger people’s lives. The next artist that contributes to Athens rock is Brantley Gilbert. He adds the rock and bluegrass flavors to the Athens rock genre. Unlike Corey, Brantley Gilbert has been playing and writing music his whole entire life. He is very popular around the Southeast, but is also unsigned. One of his songs that I really like is GRITS, which talks about his friend coming down from the North and being surprised about how good looking the girls raised in the south are. The song â€Å"Live It Up† is another good song saying if something is wrong don’t give up on yourself just keep on going and live it up. Another song that is one of my favorites is â€Å"My Kinda Party,† which is where he is talking about picking this girl up and they both go out to this country party with a couple of kegs, and that is what he thinks of a party. I like Brantley Gilbert because he can really take rock and country and mix them together. The final contributor to Athens rock is Colt Ford. He brings the hip-hop flavor to Athens rock. Even though his country and hip-hop music are very popular, he still considers himself as a common man. Because of his talents in both country and hip-hop, Colt has done much collaboration with many artists from both genres. Some of these include John Michael Montgomery, Jamey Johnson, Bone Crusher, and Adrian Young from No Doubt. The best thing about Colt Ford’s music is that most of his songs really have no explanation. They are all just about having fun. One of his most famous songs is â€Å"Dirt Road Anthem† with Brantley Gilbert. Another song is â€Å"Ride through the Country† with John Michael Montgomery. He also did a song with Jamey Johnson called â€Å"Cold Beer.† However, his most famous work was when he did the anthem for the Professional Bull Riders Championship. This song was called â€Å"Buck ‘Em.† As it is seen, Athens rock has many different types of genres within its own genre. Also, there are many emotions in these songs. Some of them happy and some sad, but the best songs these artists produce are the ones about just having fun. These genres within Athens rock are provided by three main artists. Corey Smith provides the country flavor. Brantley Gilbert does the rock and bluegrass flavor. Finally, Colt Ford has the hip-hop flavor. I have one last thought. These men are all unsigned so when they play they are doing it for the music and not the money. Research Papers on Athens Georgia Music SceneHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Utilization of Nanotechnology essays

Utilization of Nanotechnology essays Since the beginning of time, man has always been at work creating and developing new tools and objects to further aid our race, and make our life easier as the decades go on. From the cave man discovering fire, to the creation of atomic bomb, the human race has always developed new forms of technology, good or bad. At this current stage and age in our existence, we have stumbled upon probably the most useful technology ever devised by man, and that is Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is defined as the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers especially with the manipulation of individual molecules. Nanotechnology has allowed us to delve into things that were once thought impossible, and only lived in science-fiction products such as star trek. However, because of this engineering branch we might one day be able to say Beam me up Scotty as Nanotechnology deals with the manipulation of molecules, and arranging them as we see fit. Who knows, we may some day, though the use of this gifted breakthrough in science, may very well be able to replicate every cell of the human body, and transport it through some electrical means, which are managed by a computer devised of the same technology, and transfer it to another specified location. Thus we have a transporter such as the ones we loved to see function in Star Trek. Thus is the concept of Nanotechnology, and what it has to offer us. Seeing what it has done already, who knows what awaits for us in the near future. ...

Deception by the Investigating Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Deception by the Investigating Officer - Essay Example The essay "Deception by the Investigating Officer" talks about the deception and analyzes its concept as applied by investigating officers, detection of deception, the ethical issues surrounding this deception as well as the reasons for and against the application of this form of deception. In the criminal justice system, legal officers perform various tasks to ensure that there is the maintenance of law and order and criminals receive the punishment that they deserve. In this regard, investigating officers, charged with the responsibility of investigating suspects through interrogation and other means, have a very critical role to play in revealing the truth. In their pursuit of disclosing the truth, the criminal justice allows these officers to apply deception in investigative, interrogative and testimonial processes in order to disclose the truth. However, there are serious ethical issues surrounding this aspect of deception. As a result, there is often a conflict between the ethical standards of the society and implementation of laws. The police-induced confessions have influential and moving consequences on the nature of cases and on the entire criminal justice system making them a strong prosecutorial weapon. Definitely, the interrogations by modern police are at times so powerful that they have drawn out coerced compliant and identify false confessions from innocent people. According to researchers, the basis of interrogation is the presumption of guilt making the process too persuasive.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 24

Leadership - Essay Example The corporate executives and business owners of UAE are now aware about the challenges and opportunities that are linked with the cultural diversity of the work force. According to Taylor Cox Jr. â€Å"an increase in globalization of business and combination of multi cultural workforce can be a key factor in overall success of the business (Daenzer, 2009). The benefits of this diversity includes a better decision making, high innovation and creativity, more efficiency and success in marketing to minority ethnic communities and foreign markets, and a wide spread distribution of economic opportunity (Muna, 2011). But this multicultural work force has certain disadvantages also which includes increase in costs through increase in turnover rates, communication breakdowns and interpersonal conflict. In order to bring out efficiency amongst the diversity in culture of workforce the leaders should be aware about how to manage and create an effective multicultural workforce (Connerley, 2005 ). Thus a research in this field is important to analyze the trends of the multicultural workforce in UAE and the leadership style needed to manage this cultural diversity. UAE has more than 200 nationalities working together where implementation of multicultural leadership to bring a change in working environment and even to handle multicultural customers (Edewor, 2007). This research will be useful for all the leaders in organization on how to manage this multicultural workforce. The main audience of the research study will be the small business owners, and also leaders of bigger enterprises, to develop better leadership tools to handle the work force of diverse culture and convert the loop holes of multi cultural workforce into advantage for the business (Livermore, 2010). A multicultural workforce contains people coming from different cultural backgrounds and will have different way of dealing with a problem in the

Digital Image Enhancement Methods for Multimedia Technology

Digital Image Enhancement Methods for Multimedia Technology Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction In today’s communications networks, multimedia is a growing field. There are increasing demands on incorporating visual aspect to other modes of communications. It is therefore unable to be avoided to have situations in which the video and transmitted images being corrupted or degraded in their perceptual quality by variety of ways. 1.2Digital Image Processing An image is defined as two- dimensional function, f(x,y), where x,y are plane coordinates and the amplitude of ‘f’ at any pair of coordinates (x,y) is called the intensity or gray level of the image. When x, y and the intensity values of f are all finite and discrete quantities, we call the image a digital image. To processing the image by means of computer algorithms is called as digital image processing. As compared to analog image processing, digital image processing has many advantages. It can avoid problems such as signal distortion, image degradation and build-up of noise during processing. 1.2 Image Restoration and Enhancement Methods: Now day’s digital images have covered the complete world. Images are acquired by photo electronic or photochemical methods. The sensing devices tend to reduce a quality of the digital images by introducing the noise and blur due to motion or misfocus of camera. One of the first applications of digital images was in the news paper industry, when pictures were sent by submarine cable between New York and London. Introduction of cable picture transmission system in the early 1920’s reduced the time required to transport a picture across Atlantic from more than a week to less than three hours. Some of the initial problems in improving the visual quality of these early digital pictures were related to the selection of printing procedures and distribution of intensity levels. Digital image processing techniques began in the late 1960s and early 1970s to be used in medical imaging, remote Earth resources observations and astronomy. Tomography was invented independently by Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield and Professor Allan M.Cormack who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in medicine for their invention. But, X-rays were discovered in 1985 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Geographers use the similar technique to study the pollution patterns from aerial and satellite imagery. Image enhancement and restoration procedures are used to process the degraded images of unrecoverable objects or experimental results too expensive to duplicate. The use of a gray level transformation which transforms a given empirical distribution function of gray level values in an image into a uniform distribution has been used as an image enhancement as well as for a normalization procedure.( I. Pitas) Image enhancement refers to increase the image quality by sharpening certain image features (edges, boundaries and contrast) and reducing the noise. Digital image enhancement and restoration are two dimensional filters. They are broadly classified into linear digital filters and non linear filters. Linear digital filter can be designed or implemented either spatial domain or Frequency domain. (K.S. Thyagarajan) In Spatial Domain methods refers to the image plane itself .Image processing methods, spatial domain methods are based on direct manipulation of pixels in an image. The intensity transformations and spatial filtering are two principal categories of spatial domain methods. In Frequency domain methods, first image is transformed to frequency domain. It means that, the Fourier transform of the image is computed and performed all processing on the Fourier transform of the image. Finally Inverse Fourier transform is performed to get the resultant image. (Rafael C.Gonzalez and Richard E.Woods) Image Enhancement Techniques are Median filtering Neighborhood averaging Edge Detection Histogram techniques In 1980, recent work on c.c.d. scanners is reviewed and solid-state scanners which include on-chip signal processing functions are described. Future trends are towards `smart’ scanners; these are scanners with on-chip real-time processing functions, such as analogue-to-digital conversion, thresholding, data compaction, edge enhancement and other real-time image processing functions.( Chamberlain,1980) The image enhancement algorithm first separates an image into its lows (low-pass filtered form) and highs (high-pass filtered form) components. The lows component then controls the amplitude of the highs component to increase the local contrast. The lows component is then subjected to a non-linearity to modify the local luminance mean of the image and is combined with the processed highs component. The performance of this algorithm when applied to enhance typical undegraded images, images with large shaded areas, and also images degraded by cloud cover will be illustrated by way of examples. (Peli, T., 1981) Enhancement algorithms based on local medians and interquartile distances are more effective than those using means and standard deviations for the removal of spike noise, preserve edge sharpness better and introduce fewer artifacts around high contrast edges. They are not as fast as the mean-standard deviation equivalents but are suitable for large data sets treated in small machines in production quantities.( Scollar,I.,1983) Filtering CT images to remove noise, and thereby enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in the images, is a difficult process because CT noise is of a broad-band spatial-frequency character, overlapping frequencies of interest in the signal.A measurement of the noise power spectrum of a CT scanner and some form of spatially variant filtering of CT images can be beneficial if the filtering process is based upon the differences between the frequency characteristics of the noise and the signal. For evaluating the performance, used a percentage standard deviation, an index representing contrast, a frequency spectral pattern, and several CT images processed with the filter. (Okada., 1985) A two-dimensional least-mean-square (TDLMS) adaptive algorithm based on the method of steepest decent is proposed and applied to noise reduction in images. The adaptive property of the TDLMS algorithm enables the filter to have an improved tracking performance in nonstationary images. The results presented show that the TDLMS algorithm can be used successfully to reduce noise in images. The algorithm complexity is 2(NÃâ€"N) multiplications and the same number of additions per image sample, where N is the parameter-matrix dimension. The algorithm can be used in a number of two-dimensional applications such as image enhancement and image data processing.( Hadhoud,M.M.,1988) Image processing techniques are used to determine the range and alignment of a land vehicle. The approach taken is to establish a state vector of quantities derived from an image sequence, and to refine this over the mission. The image processing techniques applied fall into the generic categories of enhancement, detection, segmentation, and classification. Approaches to estimating the alignment and range of a vehicle in computationally efficient ways are presented. The estimates of quantities extracted from single image frames are subject to errors. This approach facilitates the integration of results from multiple images, and from multiple sensor systems.( Atherton, T.J.,1990) The JPEG coder has proven to be extremely useful in coding image data. For low bit-rate image coding (0.75 bit or less per pixel), however, the block effect becomes very annoying. The edges also display `wave-like appearance. An enhancement algorithm is proposed to enhance the subjective quality of the reconstructed images. First, the pixels of the coded image are classified into three broad categories: (a) pixels belonging to quasi-constant regions where the pixel intensity values vary slowly, (b) pixels belonging to dominant-edge (DE) regions which are characterized by few sharp and dominant edges and (c) pixels belonging to textured regions which are characterized by many small edges and thin-line signals. An adaptive mixture of some well-known spatial filters which uses the pixel labeling information for its adaptation is used as the adaptive optimal spatial filter for image enhancement. (Kundu, A.1995) The videotexts are low-resolution and mixed with complex backgrounds; image enhancement is a key to successful recognition of the videotexts. Especially in Hangul characters, several consonants cannot be distinguished without sophisticated image enhancement techniques. In this experiment, after multiple videotext frames containing the same captions are detected and the caption area in each frame is extracted, five different image enhancement techniques are serially applied to the image: multi-frame integration, resolution enhancement, contrast enhancement, advanced binarization, and morphological smoothing operations and tested the proposed techniques with the video caption images containing both Hangul and English characters from various video sources such as cinema, news, sports, etc. The character recognition results are greatly improved by using enhanced images in the experiment. (Sangshin Kwak.,2000). The use of an adaptive image enhancement system that implements the human visual system (HVS) has the properties for contrast enhancement of X-ray images. X-ray images are poor quality and are usually interpreted visually. The HVS properties considered are its adaptive nature, multichannel mechanism and high nonlinearity. This method is adaptive, nonlinear and multichannel, and combines adaptive filters and homomorphic processing. The median filtering method is a simple and efficient way to remove impulse noise from digital images. This novel method has two stages. The first stage is to detect the impulse noise in the image. In this stage, first one identify the noise pixel and second one the pixels are roughly divided into two classes, which are noise-free pixel and noise pixel. Then, the second stage is to eliminate the impulse noise from the image. In this stage, only the noise-pixels are processed. The â€Å"noise -free pixels† are directly copied to the output image. Here, hybrid of adaptive median filter with switching median filter method is used. The adaptive median filter framework in order to enable the flexibility of the filter to change it size accordingly based on the approximation of local noise density. The switching median filter framework in order to speed up the process and also allows local details in the image to be preserved. (Kong, NSP., 2008) One of the advantages of Level-2 Improved tolerance based selective arithmetic mean filtering technique is that this filtering technique is to detect and remove the noisy pixels and restore the noise free information. However the removal of impulse noise is often accomplished at the expense of blurred and distorted features of edges. Therefore it is necessary to preserve the edges and fine details during filtering. (Deivalakshmi,S., 2010) An efficient non-linear cascade filter is used to removal of high density salt and pepper noise in image and video. This method consists of two stages to enhance the filtering. The first stage is the Decision based Median Filter (DMF) which is used to identify pixels likely to be contaminated by salt and pepper noise and replaces them by the median value. The second stage is the Unsymmetrical Trimmed Filter, either Mean Filter (UTMF) or Midpoint Filter (UTMP) which is used to trim the noisy pixels in an unsymmetrical manner and processes with the remaining pixels The basic idea is that, though the level of denoising in the first stage is lesser at high noise densities, the second stage helps to increase the noise suppression. Hence, this method is very suitable for low, medium as well as high noise densities even above 90%. This algorithm shows better image and video quality in terms of visual appearance and quantitative measures. ( Balasubramanian, S.,2009) The enhancement algorithm enhances CR image detail and CR image enhanced has good visual effect, so the method id suit for edge detail enhancement of CR medicine radiation image. (Zhang., 2010). Three dimensional TV is considered as next generation broadcasting service.TOF sensors are a relatively new technology allowing real time capture of both photometric and geometric scene information. In order to generate the natural 3D video, first we develop a practical pipeline including TOF data processing and MPEG-4 based data transmission and reception. Then we acquire colour and depth videos from TOF range sensor. Then Alpha matting and enhancement are performed to handle fuzzy and hairy objects (Ji-Ho Cho Sung-Yeol Kim Lee, 2010). Chapter 2 2.1 Median Filtering Median Filtering is a non -linear signal enhancement technique for the smoothing of signals, the suppression of impulse noise, and preserving of edges. In the one dimensional case it consists of sliding a window of an odd number of elements along the signal, replacing the centre sample by the median of the samples in the window. Noise is any undesirable signal. Noise is everywhere and thus we have to learn to live with it. Noise gets introduced into data via any electrical system used for storage, transmission, and/or processing. In addition, nature will always play a â€Å"noisy† trick or two with data under observation. When encountering an image corrupted with noise you will want to improve its appearance for a specific application. The Techniques applied are application-oriented. Also, different procedures are related to the types of noise introduced to the image. Some important types of noise are: Gaussian or white, Rayleigh, Salt-pepper or impulse noise, periodic, sinusoidal or coherent, uncorrelated, and granular. In statistics, a median is described as the numeric value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the numbers from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one. For example: The observations are [7,5,6,8,1,3,8,5,4]. First, we are arranging in ascending order or lowest value to highest value. [1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8] Then the middle one is picked. Here, number of observations n=9, it is an odd number. The middle value=5. So, the median =5. If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; the median is then usually defined to be the mean of the two middle values. For example: observations are [7,5,6,8,1,3,8,5,4,6]. First, we are arranging in ascending order or lowest value to highest value. [1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8] Then the middle one is picked. Here, number of observations n=10, it is an even number. So, averaging the observation 5 and 6 and gets the median value. The observation values are 5 and 6. The averaging value of 5 and 6 gives 5.5. So, the median =5.5. Most scanned images contain noise caused by the scanning method (sensor and its calibration-electrical components, radio frequency spikes) this noise may look like dots of black and white. Median filter helps us by erasing the black dots, called the Pepper, and it also fills in white holes in an image, called salt â€Å"Impulse Noise†. It’s like the mean filter but is better in pixels and will not affect the other pixels significantly. This means that mean does that. Preserving sharp edges Median value is much like neighbourhood Median filtering is popular in removing salt and pepper noise and works by replacing the pixel value with the median value in the neighbourhood of that pixel. When applied on: 1. We do brightness -ranking by first placing the brightness values of the pixels from each neighbourhood in ascending order. 2. The median or middle value of this ordered sequence is then selected as the representative brightness value for that neighbourhood. 2.2Median Filter Action The median filter is also sliding -window spatial filter, but it replaces the centre pixel value in the window by the median of all pixel values in the window. As for the mean filter, the kernel is usually square but can be any shape rectangular, circular, etc depends on an image. An example of median filtering of a single 3*3 window of values is shown in figure 2.1. To arrange the pixel value in ascending order: 0,2,3,3,4,6,19,97 The median value=4(Here no of items=9) The centre pixel value 97 is replaced by the median value 4 as shown below. Figure 2.2 This illustrates one of the celebrated features of the median filter: its ability to remove ‘impulse’ noise. The median filter is also widely claimed to be ‘edge-preserving’ since it theoretically preserves step edges without blurring. However, in the presence of noise it blurs edges in images slightly. 2.3 Synthetic Image Let us consider 6*6 window size. Here, we take 3*3 mask size, to find out the median value. The order of the pixel value:1,2,3,3,3,4,5,7,8.The median value of this mask size=3. Here, the centre pixel value 3 is replaced by the median value 3. Here, we find out the A to P value as shown in figure 2.5. First, we find out the median value for 3*3 mask size and replacing the original centre pixel value by these values. To find A: Order: 1, 2, 3,3,3,4,5,7,8. Median=3. To find B: Order: 1, 3, 3,3,4,4,5,6,8. Median=4. To find C: Order: 2, 3, 3,4,4,5,6,8,9. Median=4. To find D: Order: 1, 2, 2,3,4,5,6,8,9. Median=4. Similar way, we have to calculate F to P. To find P: Order: 2, 4,5,5,5,8,8,9 Median=5. The final output of synthetic image of â€Å"6*6† window as shown in figure 2.6. By checking the synthetic image output by using Matlab. To Refer the Matlab Coding in Appendix A. Output: 3 1 5 6 9 2 7 3 4 4 4 1 2 4 4 4 4 8 1 4 4 4 5 7 1 4 4 5 5 8 3 5 7 9 8 2 Both Hand calculation synthetic image output and Matlab synthetic image output are same. 2.4 Median Filter Implementation on Mat lab: In past years, linear filters become the most popular filters in image processing. The reason of their popularity is caused by the existence of robust mathematical models which can be used for their analysis and design. However, there exist many areas in which the nonlinear filters provide significantly better results. The advantage of non linear filters lies in their ability to preserve edges and suppress the noise without loss of details. The success of nonlinear filters is caused by the fact that image signals as well as existing noise types are usually nonlinear. Due to the imperfection of image sensors, images are often corrupted by noise. The impulse noise is the most frequently referred type of noise. The most cases, impulse noise is caused by malfunctioning pixels in camera sensors, faulty memory locations in hardware, or errors in data transmission. We distinguish two common types of impulse noise. They are Salt-and-Pepper noise and the random valued shot noise. For images corrupted by salt-and-pepper noise, the noisy pixels have only maximum or minimum values. In case of random valued shot noise, the noisy pixels have arbitrary value. Traditionally, the impulse noise is removed by a median filter which is the most popular non linear filter .A standard median filter gives poor performance for images corrupted by impulse noise with higher intensity. A simple median filter utilizing 3*3 or 5*5 pixel window is sufficient only when the noise intensity is less than approximately 10-20%. Here, we implement the median filter using Matlab. To refer the Matlab coding in Appendix B. Output: problem The Noisy Image is corrupted by Salt-and-Pepper noise. By using median filter, 3*3 mask size most of noise has been eliminated. If we smooth the noisy image with larger median filter 7*7 mask size, all the noisy pixels disappear as shown above figure. 3.0 Neighbourhood Averaging Filters Neighborhood averaging filters are similar to mean filters. The Neighborhood averaging filter is the simplest low pass filter; here all coefficients are identical. These filters sometimes are called Averaging filters. The characteristics of neighborhood averaging are defined by kernel height, width and shape. When Kernel size increases, the smoothing effect also increases. The idea behind these filters is straight forward. By replacing the every pixel value in an image by the average of the intensity levels in the neighborhood defined by the filter mask, this process results in an image with reduced â€Å"sharp† transitions in intensity levels. The window is usually square, but can be any shape like rectangular, circular, etc. depending on the size of an image. Each point in the smoothed image, is f(x,y)obtained from the average pixel value in a neighbourhood of (x,y) in the input image. For example, if we use a 33 neighbourhood around each pixel we would use the mask Each pixel value is multiplied by 1/9, summed, and then the result placed in the output image. This mask is successively moved across the image until every pixel has been covered. That is, the image is convolved with this smoothing mask (also known as a spatial filter or kernel). However, one usually expects the value of a pixel to be more closely related to the values of pixels close to it than to those further away. This is because most points in an image are spatially coherent with their neighbours; indeed it is generally only at edge or feature points where this hypothesis is not valid. Accordingly it is usual to weight the pixels near the centre of the mask more strongly than those at the edge. Some common weighting functions include the rectangular weighting function above (which just takes the average over the window), a triangular weighting function, or a Gaussian. In practice one doesnt notice much difference between different weighting functions, although Gaussian smoothing is the most commonly used. Gaussian smoothing has the attribute that the frequency components of the image are modified in a smooth manner. Smoothing reduces or attenuates the higher frequencies in the image. Mask shapes other than the Gaussian can do odd things to the frequency spectrum, but as far as the appearance of the image is concerned we usually dont notice much. The arithmetic mean is the standard average, often simply called the mean. The mean may be confused with the median, mode or range. The mean is the average of a set of values, or distribution; however, for probability distributions, the mean is not necessarily the same as the median, or the mode. For example: The observations are [7,5,6,8,1,3,8,5,4]. First, we find out the total value for these observations. Total=7+5+6+8+1+3+8+5+4=47 Then, finding the average one. Here, number of observations n=9. Average=total/9. =47/9 Average=5.22(Equivalent to 5) So, the average =5. 3.1 Synthetic image Let us consider 6*6 window size. Figure 3.1 Here, we take 3*3 mask size, to find out the Neighbourhood averaging value. The order of the pixel value:1,2,3,3,3,4,5,7,8.The averaging value of this mask size=4. Here , the centre pixel value 3 is replaced by the averaging value 4. By using this method, we have to calculate the median value for whole window size 6*6. 3 1 5 6 9 2 7 A B

The Feminist Struggle Portrayed in Brief History Of The Horse Essay

The Feminist Struggle Portrayed in Brief History Of The Horse  Ã‚   Lorna Crozier's poem, "A Brief History Of The Horse", offers many different interpretations. However, the structure of the poem breaks down into three stages: past, present, and future. By examining the archetypes within the poem, it can be suggested that the horse stands to represent the feminist struggle, the ongoing battle for women to have an equal place in society. In explicating "A Brief History Of The Horse," it is of primary importance to examine the logopoeia (thought level) of the poem. The archetype of the horse suggests the poem's feminist aspect. To elucidate, the horse, as a Jungian archetype, represents motherhood and the magic side of man. What Jung refers to as the "`mother withing all of us,' or intuitiveness, and lies in the subconscious"(Cirlot, 151). In Crozier's poem, reference to the subconscious is quite apparent in the first stanza or stage; the horse grazes in "pastures of sleep." A grazing horse is also symbolic of freedom and peace (Oderr, 69); however, this freedom can only be obtained in sleep. The mother figure is also represented by the fact that the soldiers are within the horse. They are in the belly of the horse: "the soldiers feel the sway of the horse's belly as she races night across the meadows"(260). This implies the notion of a fetus in a womb. However, the men (soldiers) are not aware of the outside world of the horse, believing that they are in "a hold of a ship that smells of grass and forgetfulness"(260). Thus, the notion that the horse is grazing in a pasture of green grass (peace), yet the men(soldiers) are unable to see the truth. They are unaware of what problems the horse is actually faced with. The soldier... ...ermore, regardless of how much the horse is repressed it will eventually do what it wants to do. It doesn't matter what label is placed on the feminist struggle, it is inevitable that women will have a place equal in society to men. The horse will eventually graze "calmly in the meadow", and there will be a time when men and women are equal. In conclusion, the poem moves from the basic history or repression of the horse to the future outlook. The horse stands as an archetype for the mother, the feminist struggle. Therefore, the poem becomes a history of the feminist struggle, from being born of ancient times, through the ignorance of current times and eventually it will come to rest. Without a doubt, women will eventually have an equal place in society. The poet is quite adamant that females will become equal to men. The feminist movement cannot be suppressed.

A Juggling Act Essay

Anna feels dissatisfied with her level of contribution COMPARED to other managers. * Has a tendency to compare herself to those people around her. 3. Anna has 18 month old daughter. 4. Anna feels constant conflict between desire to surpass client expectations and her commitment to being a good mother. 5. Unsure what she wants in life. Anna is performing at a 100% within her 60% capacity, while she views others at 120% at 100% capacity, yet still feels like she isn’t measuring up. 7. Not being able to meet desired family life even with reduced work life. 8. Anna wants to be successful in every area of life— not just her career. 9. Church meeting made her realize she needs to look at her health gauges and set GOALS as to what she really wants in life. Symptoms The following symptoms (evidence) show that Anna is facing a serious problem 1. Feeling like a â€Å"star† again lead to her feeling guilty for not providing Kristin with enough dedicated time at home 2. Felt impatient during social interactions, when she used to be very social in the work place. 3. No longer taking lunch breaks. 4. Still feels pressure, even though only being paid 60% and working a lot of extra hours 5. Comparing herself to full-time workers, even though she is part-time 6. Felt like she had no one close to her who could really relate to her situation and provide her with the support she needed. 7. Reluctant to contact someone she didn’t know to obtain the support she needed. 8. Feels like she can’t keep all the balls (work life, social life, and mother life) in the air right now and anticipates a burn out if something does not change in the immediate future. 9. Chris (Anna’s husband) noticed her high stress level may be what was affecting her sleep, eating, patience level and emotional stability Underlying Problems 1. Anna is constantly comparing herself with individuals that are not operating under the same conditions (full-time vs. part-time, family vs. single). 2. A lack of clear, defined goals in her job. Management needs to provide Anna with specific, relevant and challenging goals, so that she stays motivated and has a feeling of accomplishment (meeting all goals/expectations). 3. Overload with work. From the key conversations I noticed that they were always asking her to do extra projects in addition to her current duties that required 100% work in a 60% capacity. 4. Anna is unsure exactly what she wants more out of life. Advance her career or advance her motherly duties. Is in a constant conflict in choosing between the two and feels she is failing at one when she succeeds in the other.

Dell s Supply Chain Management - 3272 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dell is the company that is well known for its unique and innovative supply chain and was responsible for setting trend for the way the PC could be sold at the cheaper rate. It was ranked 2nd on the list of the biggest computer distributors. The benchmark of their successful company was because of their unique Supply Chain Management. Dell marked its uniqueness in the supply chain industry by the launch of the ‘Built – to – order’ and ‘Direct Sale Strategies’. Supply chain management plays a vital role in any organization to increase the customer satisfaction and also to maintain the competitive advantage in the market. Supply Chain Management involves several functions within the organization. Managers need know what is the supply chain, its importance and how does it impacts the success and profit of the organization. In case of the Dell, it uses ‘Dell Direct’ that helps them to sustain their competitive advantage in the market. It simply is the direct customer order and there is no middle man involved in the process of ordering. We see that the success of the Dell lies in the ‘Direct Sell Model’ and in this term paper the focus is more on the supply chain strategies that the Dell uses and the relationship with the supplier and its communicational capabilities with its consumers. The various business models adopted by Dell is analyzed with its Supply Chain Strategy and also the information flow within Dell and how it adds value to its supply chain.Show MoreRelatedIntroduction to Supply Chain Management System: Dell Computer Corporation1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Supply Chain Management (SCM) System Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of activities which help a company to improve the methods to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. 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